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Procedía Engineering 150 (2016) 1553 - 1557
Procedía Engineering
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2016
The Effect of Fe2O3 on the Mechanical Properties of the Polymer Modified Cement Containing Fly Ash
E. Gerasimovaa*
a Ural Federal University, Mira street, 28, Ekaterinburg 620002, Russia
Abstract
Composite materials containing industrial wastes and polymer additions are modern materials possessing new properties. This paper is devoted to determination of properties of a cement-based composite material. The comparison of mechanical properties of a polymer modified Portland cement stone with fly ash and micro-sized Fe2O3 is considered. On the basis of the analysis of the research results it is shown that it is more preferable to use the polymer powder for modifying of Portland cement with 15 % of the fly ash replacement and the optimal quantity of Fe2O3 is 0,01 % by weigth of cement. © 2016PublishedbyElsevierLtd. Thisis anopen access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016
Keywords: Portland cement; fly ash; iron oxide; flexural and compressive strength; polymer modification; mineral filler
1. Introduction
The last 50 years the problems of industrial wastes utilization are solved in the construction material science. Different industrial wastes for example fly ash and slag are widely used in production of construction materials, namely concretes, mortars and other material based on Portland cements. Many experimental investigations prove the effectiveness of the application of the waste mentioned above in production of construction materials [1-6].
Polymer modification of materials based on cement is not only desirable but necessary these days. Polymer addition introduction improves mechanical properties of construction materials including materials containing industrial wastes [7-15].
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-912-61-08155 E-mail address: e.s.gerasimova@urfu.ru
1877-7058 © 2016 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of ICIE 2016
doi:10.1016/j.proeng.2016.07.110
Besides this, the new trend of the modification of cement materials is using of nano-sized and micro-sized materials. These materials may change different properties of cementitious composites due to additional densification of cement stone microstructure [16-18].
The aim of this work is to study the mechanical characteristics of the composite cement modified with polymer additives and micro-sized Fe2O3.
Nomenclature
Rf flexural strength Rcom compressive strength
2. Experimental program
Fly ash from Berezovskaya district power station as mineral addition and vinyl-acetic ester redispersible polymer powder (PAV-22) and styrene-acrylate liquid dispersion (Acronal 290D) as organic ones to ordinary Portland cement CEM I 42.5N have been used. The main properties and chemical composition of mineral components are given in Tables 1, 2. Polymers characteristics are given in Table 3.
Table 1. Mineral materials properties.
Material Bulk density Spacific surface
(kg/m3) (m2/kg)
Portland cement 1110 300
Fly ash 940 370
Table 2. Mineral materials chemical composition.
Material Mass content (%)
Loss of ignition SiÜ2 M2Ü3 Fe2Ü3 CaÜ MgÜ SÜ3
Portland cement 0.24 19.78 5.63 4.37 60.38 2.79 6.81
Fly ash 1.00 19.40 10.60 7.30 43.30 6.20 11.80
Table 3. Polymer characteristics.
Trade mark (Country) Composition Solid content (%) Particles size (micrometer) Bulk density (kg/m3) pH
RPP PAV-22 (France) Vinyl-acetate 99±1 1-5 (80) 980 5-6
PD Acronal 290D (Germany) Styrene-acrylate 50±1 100 - 7.5-9.0
Fe2O3 was produced at the Laboratory of the Institute of Solid State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Science using the thermal hydrolysis process described in [19, 20]. Particles diameter of Fe2O3 is presented in Fig. 1. One can see that Fe2O3 consist of 52 % nano-particles (0.064-0.104 mkm) and 48 % micro-particles (0.104-0.168 mkm) approximately.
3. Experimental process
Small scale method has been used for this study. A standart mixing procedure was used. The polymer additions were combined with water and then added to the cement while mixing. The water present in the polymer dispersion
was included in the total water content of a mix. From each mix small prisms were cast in steel moulds. The speciments were demoulded after 24 hours and cured under combined conditions.
The compressive and flexural strenghts were carried out after 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days age. For flexural strenght determination Michaelis device for small samples was used.
All the results presented in the paper are the average of a maximum of six specimens and minimum of three ones.
8 6 4 2 0
Fig. 1. The distribution of particle size of Fe2O3.
4. Results and discussion
The influence of the Fe2O3 upon strength indices of the cement stone has been studied. The Fe2O3 has been added to the mix in the quantity of 0,01; 0,0055 and 0,001 % by weight of the Portland cement. Water-cement ratio of the mixes was kept at 0.45 level. The polymer additions quantity was 2.5 % as to the mixed binder mass, in case of polymer dispersion - in the conversions from the dry substance and the fly ash has been added to the mix in the quantity of 15 % replacing the same quantity of the cement according to the previous investigation [21-23].
The strength indices of the cement stone with all types of additions is given in Tables 4-5. In the Table 6 the strength indices of pure control cement stone (without any additions) are presented.
Table 4. Flexural and compressive strength of cement stone with fly ash and PAV-22.
Age (days) Strength with different amount of Fe2O3 (MPa)
0,01 (%) 0,0055 (%) 0,001 (%)
Rfl Rcom Rfl Rcom Rfl Rcom
3 1.07 14.89 1.06 13.12 1.13 10.17
7 1.50 16.67 1.45 15.45 1.32 18.51
14 1.58 17.28 1.54 17.65 1.64 19.61
21 1.96 25.50 1.99 18.02 1.82 21.70
28 2.00 32.12 1.85 25.25 1.84 25.50
It was found that despite of 15 % fly ash replacing of cement, flexural strength of the stone is almost comparable with the strength of pure cement stone regardless of the polymer type, and to the 28 days age becomes even higher, especially in the presence of redispersible polymer powder PAV-22 and Fe2O3 in the quantity of 0.01 and 0,0055 % (Fig. 2). Strength growth speed is slightly lower, but it is probably due to the presence of fly ash. One can assume that in the presence of the fly ash the polymer additions show their reinforcing effects more effectively, and micro-Fe2O3 also compacts the structure of the cement-fly ash system.
Table 5. Flexural and compressive strength of cement stone with fly ash and Acronal 290D.
Age (days) Strength with different amount of Fe2O3 (MPd)
0,01 (%) 0,0055 (%) 0,001 (%)
Rfl Rcom Rfl Rcom Rfl Rcom
3 1.19 11.03 1.11 9.44 1.10 9.07
7 1.40 17.65 1.37 15.01 1.51 14.10
14 1.64 20.10 1.56 15.57 1.58 16.03
21 1.76 20.11 1.77 18.21 1.69 19.86
28 1.84 21.23 1.81 20.59 1.75 20.35
Table 6. Flexural and compressive strength of pure cement stone.
Age (days) Rfl, (MPa) Rcom, (MPa)
3 1.52 13.00
7 1.70 27.06
14 1.72 34.45
21 1.75 37.58
28 1.88 38.25
Fig. 2. (a) flexural strength and; (b) compressive strength of polymer modified Portland cement stone with fly ash and Fe2O3 (28 days).
There is a significant decrease of compressive strenght of cement stone, containing fly ash compared to the strenght of pure cement (Fig. 3). It is seen that in the presence of polymer powder, the strength reduction is an average of 15-30 % depending on the Fe2O3 quantity. In the presence of the polymer dispersion the compressive strength of cement stone decreases even more. However, taken into account the slow hardening process of cement stone containing fly ash, it can be predicted that its strength can reach the strength of the control composition in the later age of hardening.
5. Conclusion
The influence of micro-sized Fe2O3 and polymer type on strength of hardened artificial stone on the basis of Portland cement CEM I with fly ash was studied.
It was founded that the optimal quantity of Fe2O3 is 0,01 % by weigth of cement in the presence of polymer powder PAV-22, because it increases the hardened cement stone flexural strength, and slightly decrease the compressive strenght.
Acknowledgements
The article has been published with financial support of the key Centre of Excellence "Industrial mining institute of scientific research and projects" by Act 211 Government of the Russian Federation, contract № 02.A03.21.0006, which is part of the program aimed at enhancing competitiveness of Ural Federal university named after the first president of Russia B.N. Yeltsin from 2013 to 2020.
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