KAROUBI’S RELATIVE CHERN CHARACTER, THE RIGID SYNTOMIC REGULATOR, AND THE BLOCH–KATO EXPONENTIAL MAPAcademic research paper on "Mathematics"

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Academic research paper on topic "KAROUBI’S RELATIVE CHERN CHARACTER, THE RIGID SYNTOMIC REGULATOR, AND THE BLOCH–KATO EXPONENTIAL MAP"

﻿KAROUBI'S RELATIVE CHERN CHARACTER, THE RIGID SYNTOMIC REGULATOR, AND THE BLOCH-KATO EXPONENTIAL MAP

GEORG TAMME

Fakultät für Mathematik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; email: georg.tamme@mathematik.uni-regensburg.de

Received 27 September 2013; accepted 25 July 2014

Abstract

We construct a variant of Karoubi's relative Chern character for smooth separated schemes over the ring of integers in a p-adic field, and prove a comparison with the rigid syntomic regulator. For smooth projective schemes, we further relate the relative Chern character to the etale p-adic regulator via the Bloch-Kato exponential map. This reproves a result of Huber and Kings for the spectrum of the ring of integers, and generalizes it to all smooth projective schemes as above.

2010 Mathematics Subject Classification: 19F27 (primary); 14F43, 14F30 (secondary)

1. Introduction

If A is a Banach algebra, one can view it as an abstract ring and consider its algebraic K-theory, or one can take the topology into account and then consider its topological K-theory. There is a natural map from the former to the latter, and so one can form the homotopy fibre of this map giving the relative K-theory. Karoubi's relative Chern character [Kar83, Kar87, CK88] is a homomorphism

Kirel(A) ^ HQ_1(A)

mapping relative K-theory to continuous cyclic homology. It was an idea of Karoubi [Kar82, Kar83] that the relative Chern character could be used for the construction of regulators. In accordance with this idea, Hamida [Ham00]

© The Author 2014. This is an Open Access article, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/), which permits unrestricted re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

established, for A = C the field of complex numbers, a precise relation between the relative Chern character and the Borel regulator [Bor74]

K2n-l(C) ^ C.

Karoubi's construction works equally well in the case of ultrametric Banach algebras, and building on previous work by Hamida [Ham06] we proved the p-adic analogue of the above result in [Tam12a], giving the precise relation of the relative Chern character with the p-adic Borel regulator introduced by Huber and Kings [HK11].

Changing perspective, let X be a smooth variety over C. Again we have the algebraic K-theory of X, but we can also consider the topological K-theory of the complex manifold associated to X. It is natural to ask for a generalization of the previous results to this situation. Here, the analogues of the cyclic homology groups are the quotients of the de Rham cohomology by the Hodge filtration, and Borel's regulator is replaced by Beilinson's regulator mapping algebraic K-theory to Deligne-Beilinson cohomology. In this set-up we proved a comparison between the relative Chern character and Beilinson's regulator in [Tam12b].

It is the goal of the present paper to prove the p-adic analogue of this result. Let R be a complete discrete valuation ring with field of fractions K of characteristic 0 with perfect residue field k of characteristic p, and consider a smooth R-scheme X. The p-adic analogue of Beilinson's regulator is the rigid syntomic regulator, i.e. the Chern character with values in rigid syntomic cohomology, introduced by Gros [Gro94] and developed systematically by Besser [Bes00b]. We introduce topological and hence relative K-theory of X, and relative cohomology groups H*el(X, n) mapping naturally to the rigid syntomic cohomology groups. These are the target of the relative Chern character in the p-adic situation. Our main result is the following.

Theorem. Let X be a smooth R-scheme, and let i > 0. The diagram

K,rel (X)-^ Ki (X)

H2n-i ( x , n)

hyr ( x , n)

commutes.

If X is proper, the lower horizontal map is in fact an isomorphism, and both groups are given by Hd2R-i-1(XK/K)/FnHd2R-i-1(XK/K), which, in turn, is naturally isomorphic to the weight n—1 part HC(i——1) (XK) in the A-decomposition

of the cyclic homology of XK /K [Wei97]. Moreover, for projective X and finite k, Parshin's conjecture would imply that also the upper horizontal map is rationally an isomorphism.

One of the possible advantages of this approach to the syntomic regulator is that Karoubi's constructions give quite explicit formulae. For instance, in the case when X = Spec(R), these have been used in the comparison of Karoubi's regulator with the p-adic Borel regulator [Tam12a] and in computer calculations by Choo and Snaith [CS11].

Another motivation to study the relative Chern character and its relation to the syntomic regulator goes back to an idea of Besser. In contrast to the Beilinson regulator or Soule's etale p-adic regulator, the rigid syntomic regulator explicitly depends on the choice of the local model X/ R of the generic fibre XK /K. In computations (e.g. [Bes12, BdJ12]) this leads to integrality assumptions that one would like to remove. Besser proposed the use of Karoubi's relative Chern character in order to obtain a model-independent replacement for the syntomic regulator. In fact, one can define topological and hence relative K-theory of K-schemes using the associated rigid space, and the techniques of this paper give a relative Chern character Kf(Xk) ^ Hd2R-i-1(Xk/K)/Fn. If X is a smooth proper R-scheme, there is a natural map K"el(X) ^ K"el(XK), and the relative Chern character for X factors through the relative Chern character of XK.

In particular, if one assumes Parshin's conjecture, the relative Chern character would give a description of the syntomic regulator for X smooth projective over R with finite residue field solely in terms of the generic fibre XK. In general, a good understanding of topological K-theory is still missing.

From the theorem we also get the following corollary (see 6.16).

Corollary. Assume that k is finite and that X/R is smooth and projective. Then

Krel( X )

Ki ( X )

2n-i-1 dR

( Xk / K )/Fn

H 1(k, Hetn-i-1(Xk, Qp (n)))

commutes.

Here, rp is the etale p-adic regulator and exp is the Bloch-Kato exponential map of the p-adic Gal(K/K)-representation H^-1 -1(Xk, Qp (n)). This corollary may be seen as a generalization of the main result of Huber and Kings [HK11, Theorem 1.3.2], which is the case when X = Spec(R), and amounts to the

commutativity of

K2n—1 (1(K, Qp(n))

K = DdR(Qp (n)),

to all smooth projective R-schemes (see our Corollary 6.18).

A result related to ours is proven by Chiarellotto et al. in [CCM13]. They provide an alternative construction of the rigid syntomic regulator in terms of higher Chow groups and syntomic cycle classes. A key step in their construction is the compatibility of the de Rham and rigid cycle classes under the specialization map from de Rham cohomology of the generic fibre to rigid cohomology of the special fibre, whereas our result in some sense rests on the compatibility of topological and rigid Chern classes.

For an interpretation of the relative cohomology groups, introduced here, in stable homotopy theory of schemes, we refer the reader to [DM12].

Let us describe the contents of this paper in more detail. Karoubi's original construction of the relative Chern character uses integration of certain p-adic differential forms over standard simplices. A reformulation of this construction is given in Section 7. The key ingredient that enables us to compare the relative Chern character and the rigid syntomic regulator is a new description of the former in Section 5 that is similar to the construction of Chern class maps on higher K-groups by Beilinson [Bei84], Huber [Hub95], and Besser [Bes00b]. This is made possible by the functorial complexes of Besser [Bes00b] and Chiarellotto, Ciccioni, and Mazzari [CCM13]. Their construction is recalled in Section 4, with some simplifications coming from the systematic use of GroBe-Klonne's dagger spaces [GK99, GK00]. The necessary background from rigid respectively 'dagger' geometry is collected in Section 2. In Section 3, we recall Karoubi and Villamayor's definition of topological K-theory for ultrametric Banach rings [KV71, Cal85], and extend it to smooth separated R-schemes. The necessary comparison between the two constructions of the relative Chern character is proved in Theorem 7.20. The main comparison theorem (Theorem 6.12) then follows rather formally. Applications are given in Section 6.4.

1.1. Notation. For p e {0, 1,2,...}, we denote by [ p] the finite set {0, . . . , p} with its natural order. The category of finite ordered sets with monotone maps is the simplicial category A The unique injective map [p — 1] ^ [p] that does not hit i is denoted by 9'. Similarly, s': [p + 1] ^ [p] is the unique surjective map such that s' (i) = s' (i + 1). These induce morphisms

di, si (respectively, 91, s') on every (co)simplicial object, called (co)face and (co)degeneracy morphisms, respectively.

For a group object G, we define the simplicial objects E.G and B.G by EpG = Gx(p+1) and BpG = Gxp, with the usual faces and degeneracies (see, e.g., [HK11, 0.2]).

2. Preliminaries on rigid geometry

In the definition of rigid cohomology, one usually works with rigid analytic spaces and their de Rham cohomology. However, as de Rham cohomology is not well behaved for rigid spaces, one has to introduce some overconvergence condition. An elegant approach to do this is to replace rigid spaces by GroBe-Klonne's dagger spaces [GK99, GK00]. We recall some basic definitions and facts which will be needed in the rest of the paper.

Let R be a complete discrete valuation ring with field of fractions K of characteristic 0 and residue field k of characteristic p > 0. Fix an absolute value |. | on K.

2.1 (Rings). The K-algebra of overconvergent power series in n variables x =

(x1,..., xn) is K(x)t := {JZavxv\av e K, 3p > 1 : |av|p|v| ———0}. We denote by R(x)f the sub-R-algebra of overconvergent power series with R-coefficients. A K- (respectively, R-)dagger algebra is a quotient of some K (x)t (respectively, R (x )f).

The algebra of overconvergent power series carries the GauB norm ^v av xv | = supv | av |. Its completion with respect to this norm is the Tate algebra of convergent

power series K (x) = v avx v\|av | ————0}. Similarly, the completion of R(x )f is R(x). Quotients of these are called K -(respectively, R-)affinoid algebras. These are Banach algebras. Up to equivalence, the quotient norm on a dagger or affinoid algebra does not depend on the chosen representation as a quotient of an algebra of overconvergent (respectively, convergent) power series.

To any R-algebra A one can associate its weak completion Af (see [MW68, Definition 1.1]). If A is an R-algebra of finite type and A = R[x]/1 is a presentation, then there is an induced isomorphism Af = R(x)f/IR(x)t. In particular, At is an R-dagger algebra. Similarly, there is a weak completion for normed K-algebras.

The categories of R-dagger (respectively, K-dagger) and affinoid algebras admit tensor products. For example, if A and B are R-dagger algebras, their tensor product is A B := (A ®R B)t. Given presentations A = R(x)t/1 and B = R(y)t/J, there is a natural isomorphism A B = R(x, y)t/(I + J).

2.2 (Spaces). We only sketch the main points here, referring the reader to [GK99, GK00] for details. Similarly as one defines rigid analytic spaces that are locally isomorphic to max-spectra of K -affinoid algebras with a certain Grothendieck topology, dagger spaces are defined by taking the max-spectra Sp( A) of K-dagger algebras A as building blocks [GK00, 2.12]. For any dagger space X one has an associated rigid space Xrig ('completion of the structure sheaf') and a natural map of G-ringed spaces Xrig — X, which is an isomorphism on the underlying G-topological spaces [GK00, 2.19].

There exists a dagger analytification functor X a Xf from the category of K-schemes of finite type to the category of K-dagger spaces. There is a natural morphism of locally G-ringed spaces Xf a X which is final for morphisms from dagger spaces to X [GK00, 3.3].

We also need the notion of weak formal schemes ([GK99, Ch. 3] and originally [Mer72]). Let A be an R-dagge^algebra, and let A = A ®r k. Then D( f) a A(1/f >f, where f e A lifts f e A, defines a sheaf of local rings on the topological space Spec(A). The corresponding locally ringed space is the weak formal R-scheme Spwf(A). A general weak formal R-scheme is a locally ringed space that is locally isomorphic to some Spwf(A).

Sending Spwf( A) for an R-dagger algebra A to Sp( A®RK) induces the generic fibre functor X — XK from weak formal R-schemes to K-dagger spaces, and there is a natural specialization map sp: Xk —^ X.

Taking the weak completion of finitely generated R-algebras induces the functor X — X from R-schemes of finite type to weak formal R-schemes. There is a natural morphism of dagger spaces from the generic fibre of the weak completion of X, XK, to the dagger analytification XK of the generic fibre XK of X. This is an open immersion if X is separated and an isomorphism if X is proper over R (see [Ber96, Proposition 0.3.5]). For example, if X = AR, then XK = Sp(K (x >f) is the closed ball of radius 1 in (AK )f.

3. Preliminaries on K-theory

3.1. Let A be an ultrametric Banach ring with norm |. |, for example, an affinoid algebra with a fixed norm. In [KV71], Karoubi and Villamayor introduce K-groups of A that we will denote by K-(A), i > 1, which were further studied by Calvo [Cal85]. A convenient way to define them is the following. Set

A(xo,..., Xn> := avxv\av e A, |av| -1—-— oj

and A(An > := A(x0,..., xn >/^ixi — 1). Then [n] — A(An > becomes a simplicial ring in a natural way, and hence B. GL(A(^*>) is a bisimplicial set

(see 1.1). For any bisimplicial set S.., we denote by n*(S..) the homotopy groups of the underlying diagonal simplicial set. We define

K— (A) := n(B.GL(A(4*))), i > 1.

That this definition coincides with the original one in [KV71, Cal85] follows from an argument of Anderson [Tam10, Proposition 7.3].

For our purposes it is important to know that one can compute the K-theory of affinoid algebras using dagger algebras. More precisely, let R be a complete discrete valuation ring with field of fractions K of characteristic 0 and residue field k of characteristic p > 0, as before. We define the simplicial ring R(^,)t by R(An)t = R(x0,..., xn)VQZi xi — 1), with the obvious structure maps. For any R-dagger algebra A, we set A(^,)t = A R(^,)t (see 2.1), and define topological K-groups by

K— (A) := n(B.GL(A(^')t)), i > 1.

Using Calvo's techniques, we have shown in [Tam10, Proposition 7.5] that these agree with the Karoubi-Villamayor K-groups of the completion A of A:

K—p(A) = K—p(A), i > 1.

Now, let X = Spec( A) be an affine scheme of finite type over R.

Definition 1. We define the topological K-groups of X to be the topological K-groups of the (weak) completion of A:

K—p(X) := K— (At) = K—(A), i > 1.

Remarks 3.2. (i) Note the similarity with topological complex K-theory: if X is a smooth separated scheme of finite type over C, and A. denotes the simplicial ring of smooth functions X(C) x — C, then ni (B. GL(A.)) = K—(X(C)) is the connective complex K-theory of the manifold X(C).

(ii) Let n e R be a uniformizer of R, and let B be any R-dagger or affinoid algebra. Then (n) c B is topologically nilpotent. Calvo [Cal85] proved that the reduction B — B/(n) induces an isomorphism Kt—(B) Kt—^(B/(n)). This last group is the Karoubi-Villamayor K-theory of B/(n). In particular, if B/(n) is regular, this coincides with the Quillen K-theory: Kt—_p (B) -— Ki (B/(n)) [Ger73, 3.14].

(iii) If, in the situation of the definition, n is invertible on X = Spec(A), i.e., the special fibre Xk is empty, then the completion AA is the zero ring, and the topological K-theory of X vanishes.

3.3 (Connection with algebraic K-theory). Recall that, for any ring A, the Karoubi-Villamayor K-groups [KV71] can be defined as

KVi(A) = n(B. GL(A[^'])), i > 1,

where A[A.] is the simplicial ring with A[An] = A[x0,..., xnxi — 1). There is a natural map from the Quillen K-group Ki (A) to KVi(A), which is an isomorphism when A is regular. Since we are only interested in the case of regular rings, we will in the following identify Ki (A) = KVi (A).

Consider a smooth affine R-scheme X = Spec(A), as above. There is a natural map A[A.] — At(^*>t. We define the bisimplicial set

F(X) := F(A) := B. GL(A[4*]) Xb. gl(aW) E. GL(At(^'>t) (3.4)

and the relative K-groups of X

Krel(X) := nF(A), i > 0.

We will also need the following finite level variant of F(A):

Fr(A) := B.GLr(A[4*]) Xb.GLr(At(A->t) E.GLr(At(^'>t), (3.5)

so F(A) = lim Fr(A) and Kiel(X) = Hm ni(Fr(A)). Since the projection E. GL( At(^*>t) — B. GL(At(^*>t) is a Kan fibration on the diagonal simplicial sets, and since E. GL(At(^*>t) is contractible, we get the following.

Lemma 3.6. There are long exact sequences

• • • — Krel( X) — K (X) — K— (X) — K!r—l1( X) — • • •.

In the following, we will use the notation GL(X) := GL(r(X, Ox)), where X can be a scheme, a dagger space, or a weak formal scheme.

We extend the definition of topological and relative K-theory to smooth separated R-schemes X of finite type as follows. Write AR := Spec(R[A.]). Since K-theory for regular schemes satisfies Zariski descent, we have isomorphisms

Ki(X) = lim n holim(B. GL(Uq xr AR)), i > 1 (3.7)

u——x [q]ea

where U. — X runs through all finite affine open coverings of X viewed as simplicial schemes (see [Hub95, Proposition 18.1.5]). In analogy to (3.7), we define

K — (X) := lim n holimB. GL(f7q xr AR), i > 1,

' u——x [q]ea

Krel(X) := lim n holimF(Uq).

! " №A

U. — X

Here, AR is the weak completion of the algebraic standard simplex AR, so if U = Spec(A), then U xr AR = Spwf(A1 ®R R(Ap>f) (see 2.1). These groups are contravariantly functorial in X.

Lemma 3.8. (i) If X = Spec(A) is affine and smooth over R, these definitions coincide with the earlier ones.

(ii) If X is a smooth separated R-scheme of finite type, there is an isomorphism

Ktop (X) = Ki (Xk).

(iii) There are long exact sequences

— K[el (X) — K (X) — kt-p (X) — K^i(X)

as before.

—»•

Proof. (ii) Calvo's theorem 3.2(ii) implies that for a smooth affine R-scheme U we have weak equivalences

B. GL(U x r AR) — B. GL(Uk xk A.).

Since holim preserves weak equivalences between fibrant simplicial sets, for any open affine covering U. — X, viewed as a simplicial scheme, we get weak equivalences

holimB. GL(t7q xr AR) holimB. GL((Uq)k Xk A.).

[q]eA [q]eA

Taking n and the limit over all finite affine coverings yields isomorphisms

= Ki (Xk).

This proves (ii). Using Calvo's result Ktop (A1") = Ki (Xk), we get (i) for Ktop*. Using the five lemma, the result for K"el follows from this, (3.7) again, and (iii).

(iii) follows from Lemma 3.6 and the fact that holim preserves homotopy fibrations of fibrant simplicial sets [Tho85, Lemma 5.12]. □

Remark 3.9. Using K-dagger or K-affinoid algebras in the above constructions, we get a notion of topological K-theory for rigid K-spaces. It is likely that this coincides with the one defined by Ayoub [Ayo] using the stable homotopy categories of schemes and of rigid varieties, respectively.

4. Preliminaries on functorial complexes

For our construction of the relative Chern character we need functorial complexes computing the different cohomology theories involved. The main work has been done before, by Huber [Hub95], Besser [Bes00b], and Chiarellotto et al. [CCM13]. The only difference in our approach is the systematic use of dagger spaces, also initiated by Huber and Kings [HK11], which simplifies the construction of the rigid and syntomic complexes.

4.1 (Godement resolutions). We recall some facts on Godement resolutions (see [CCM13, Sections 3 and 4] for more details and references). To a morphism of sites u: P — X and an abelian sheaf F on X one associates a cosimplicial sheaf [p] — (u*u*)p+1F on X, where the structure maps are induced by the unit and the counit of the adjoint pair (u*, u*) between the categories of abelian sheaves on P and X. The associated complex of sheaves on X will be denoted by GdP F. There is a canonical augmentation F — GdP F, which is a quasi-isomorphism if u* is exact and conservative (see, e.g., [Ivo05, Lemma 3.4.1]).

We want to use this in the situation where P is a certain set of points of (the topos associated with) X with the discrete topology. The first case is that of a scheme X. Here, we take P = Pt (X) to be the set of all points of the underlying topological space of X. Then u* is given by F — ]Jx eX Fx, which is exact and conservative, and F — GdPt (X) F is the usual Godement resolution.

The second case is that of a dagger space X. Here, it is not enough to take just the usual points of X. Instead, one has to use the set of prime filters on X (introduced in [vdPS95]), as alluded to in [Bes00b] and carried out in [CCM13, Section 3]. We take P = Pt (X) to be the set of prime filters ([CCM13, Ex. 3.2.3]) on the rigid space Xrig associated with X with the discrete topology. Then there

are morphisms of sites Pt (X)-> Xrig —X.

[ccm13, 3.2.3] see 2.2

Since u is the identity on underlying G-topological spaces, we get from [CCM13, Lemma 3.2.5] that £*u* is exact and conservative. Hence, for any abelian sheaf F on X, the augmentation F — GdPt (X) X is a quasi-isomorphism.

It is important to note that in both cases the complex GdP F consists of flabby sheaves. This follows automatically, since on a discrete site every sheaf is flabby, and direct images of flabby sheaves are flabby.

More generally, if F* is a bounded below complex of abelian sheaves on X, we can apply GdP to each component to get a double complex. We then denote by GdP F* its associated total complex. It follows from a simple spectral sequence argument that the induced morphism F* — GdP F* is a quasi-isomorphism. An important feature of the Godement resolution is its functorial behaviour. If

Y —X

is a commutative diagram of sites, and F (respectively, G) is a sheaf on X (respectively, Y), then a morphism F — f*G induces a morphism GdP F — f* GdQ G compatible with the augmentations [CCM13, Lemma 3.1.2].

4.2 (Analytic de Rham cohomology). Let X be a smooth K-dagger space. There is a notion of differential forms on X (see [GK00, §4]): for an open affinoid U = Sp(A), the differential d: A = r(U, Ox) — r(U, Q\/K) is universal for K-derivations of A in finite A-modules. As usual, one constructs the de Rham complex Q'X/K and defines

Hd*R(X/K) := H*(X,QX/K)•

We define a complex of K-vector spaces, functorial in the K-dagger space X:

RrdR(X/K) := r(X, GdPt (X) QX/K ).

Since the complex GdPt(X) Q'X/K consists of flabby sheaves, which are acyclic for r(X, •), we have natural isomorphisms

H *( RrdR( X/ K)) = H*r( X/K )•

4.3 (Algebraic de Rham cohomology). Here, X is a smooth separated scheme of finite type over K. Its de Rham cohomology is by definition the hypercohomology of the complex of Kahler differential forms:

Hd*R(X/K) := H*(X,QX/K)•

It is equipped with the Hodge filtration constructed as follows. By Nagata's compactification theorem and Hironaka's resolution of singularities, there exists

a good compactification ofX, i.e., an open immersion X —— X of X in a smooth proper K-scheme X such that the complement D = X — X is a divisor with

normal crossings. On X one has the complex &X/K (log D) of differential forms with logarithmic poles along D. There are isomorphisms

HdR(X/K) = H*(X, &X/K(log D)),

the Hodge-de Rham spectral sequence Ep'q = Hq (X, &X/K(log D)) ^ Hd*R(X/K) degenerates at E1, and the induced filtration F• Hd*R(X/K) is independent of the choice of X .It is given by

FnHdR(X/K) = H*(X, QfKK (log D)),

denoting the naive truncation.

If f: X ^ Y is a morphism of smooth separated K-schemes of finite type, one can construct good compactifications X ^ X, Y ^ Y such that f extends to a morphism f: X ^ Y. This implies that the Hodge filtration is functorial. Moreover, the induced map f *: Hd*R(Y/K) ^ HdR(X/K) is strict, i.e., f *(F'H*r(Y/K)) = F' Hd*R(X/K) n im( f *). Indeed, by the Lefschetz principle and Serre's GAGA, this follows from the corresponding fact over C, proven by Deligne [Del71, Theoreme 3.2.5].

Since the good compactifications of X form a directed set with respect to maps under X, and taking the colimit along a directed set is exact, to get functorial complexes computing algebraic de Rham cohomology together with its Hodge filtration we could take the colimit of the r(X, GdPt(X) ^x/k (log D)) along the

system of good compactifications X of X. However, for the comparison with analytic de Rham cohomology, it is technically easier to use the following variant (see [CCM13, Proposition 4.2.3]).

Let Xf be the dagger analytification of X (see 2.2), and let Pt (Xf) be as in 4.1. Let Pt (X) be the usual set of points of the good compactification X of X. We can form the disjoint sum Pt(Xf) u Pt(X) viewed as a site with the discrete topology to get a commutative diagram of sites:

Pt (X t)

Pt (Xt) u Pt (X)

There are natural morphisms &X/K (log D) ^ j*&X/K ^ j*L*^Xt/K which together with (4.4) induce a natural map

GdPt (xt)uPt (X) &X/K (log D) ^ j* i * GdPt (Xt) &Xt/K •

Thus we are led to define

F"RrdR(X/K) := —m r(X, Gdp,(Xt)Up,m (log D)), (4.6)

where the limit runs over the directed set of good compactifications of X. It follows from the discussion above that there are natural isomorphisms

H * (FnR rdR( X/K)) = FnHdR( X/K),

and (4.5) induces natural comparison maps

FnRrdR(X/K) " RrdR(Xt/K). (4.7)

5. The relative Chern character

As before, R denotes a complete discrete valuation ring with field of fractions K of characteristic 0 and residue field k of characteristic p > 0. Let SmR be the category of smooth separated R-schemes of finite type. For X e SmR, we have its generic fibre XK with dagger analytification XK, and its weak completion X with generic fibre XK, related by the following morphisms of locally G-ringed spaces:

XK X K " XK. In particular, we have morphisms of complexes

FnRrdR(Xk/K) l" RrdR(XK/K) lllly RrdR(XK/K). (5.1)

5.2. We denote by Ch the category of complexes of abelian groups. For a

morphism A " B in Ch, we denote by mf(A " B) := Cone(A " B)[-1] the mapping fibre. It has the following property: if C is a complex, the morphisms C " mf(A " B) are in one-to-one correspondence with pairs (g, h), where g: C " A is a morphism of complexes and h: C " B [— 1] is a homotopy such that dh + hd = f o g.

Definition 2. For every integer n, we define a functor Rrrel(., n): SmRp " Ch by

Rrrel(X, n) := mf(FnRrdR(Xk/K) ——" RFdR(Xk/K)) and relative cohomology groups HI*;l(X, n) := H*(Rrrei(X, n)).

Remarks 5.3. (i) These are closely related to rigid syntomic cohomology; see Lemma 6.9 below. The complex Rrrel(X, n) can also be interpreted as the syntomic P -complex Rrf1(X, n) of [Bes00a, 2.2] for the polynomial P = 1.

(ii) Since X/ R is smooth, the de Rham cohomology of XK is just the rigid cohomology of the special fibre Xk (see Section 6.1 below). Hence the relative cohomology groups sit in exact sequences

••• — Hrel(X, n) — FnH'dR(Xk/K) — H'JXk/K) — ••• •

(iii) If X/R is proper, then Xk = XK (see 2.2), and by GAGA [GK99, Kor. 4.5] RrdR( XK /K) ~ RrdR( XK /K), where ~ denotes a quasi-isomorphism. Hence RFrel(X, n) ~ mf(FnRXk/K) — RrdR(Xk/K)) in this case, and the degeneration of the Hodge-de Rham spectral sequence yields isomorphisms

H^X, n) = HdR-1(Xk/K)/FnH'd-1(Xk/K)•

(iv) For an interpretation of the relative cohomology in terms of stable A1-homotopy theory, we refer the reader to [DM12].

The goal of this section is to construct relative Chern character maps which will be homomorphisms

< : K'rel(X) — Hn(X, n).

We first describe an abstract formalism to obtain homomorphisms from the homotopy groups of certain simplicial sets to the cohomology of suitable functorial complexes, and then specialize this to the construction of the relative Chern character and, in the next section, of the syntomic regulator. This formalization of the constructions makes it easier to compare them afterwards.

5.4. We view complexes in Ch either homologically ■ ■ ■ ^ Ct Ct_1 ^ ■ ■ ■ or cohomologically ■ ■ ■ — C _ C _+1 — ■ ■ ■, using the convention C{ = C _. Given A, B e Ch, we denote by Hom(A, B) the mapping complex. In degree i, it is given by np Hom(Ap, Bp+') with differential f — f o dA _ (-1)'dB o f. In particular, cycles in degree i are given by Z'Hom(A, B) = HomCh(A, B[i]). If C••• is a double complex, the differential of the total complex is given on Cp'q by dhoriz + (_1)pdvert (p is the horizontal coordinate).

5.5. We consider the following set-up: S is a category, a: SmR — S a functor, r0: SmRp — Ch and r1: Sop — Ch are functorial complexes, and we have a natural transformation r0 — r1 o a.

For example, S could be the category of smooth weak formal R-schemes SmfR, a: SmR — SmfR the weak completion functor X — X, r0 the functorial

complex FnRrdR((.)K/K), r = RAr^Ok/K), and To " r o a the natural transformation given by (5.1).

We fix a morphism E " B in SmR .In applications, this will typically be the

morphism of simplicial schemes E. GLr, R " B. GLr, R. Consider a map X B in SmR together with a map a(X) " a(E) in S such that

a(X)-^ a(B)

V ' a(f) V '

commutes; in other words, (f, g) is an element in B(X) xa(B)(a(X)) a(E)(a(X)), where we use the notation B(X) := HomSmR(X, B), etc. By abuse of notation, we write (B xa(B) a(E))(X) for this set. Then the pair (f, g) gives a commutative diagram

r0(B)-» r1(a(B))-» ri(a(E))

f*| a( f

r0( X)-^(a( X)) '

in Ch, and hence a morphism of complexes, i.e., a zero cycle in the Hom-complex,

mf(r0(B) " r1(a(E))) " mf(r>(X) " ^(a(X))). This construction induces a morphism of complexes

Z[(B Xa(B) a(E))(X)]

" Hom(mf(r0(B) " r1(a(E))), mf(r>(X) " r1(a(X)))),

where Z[ . ] is the free abelian group considered as a complex in degree 0.

If E. " B. is a morphism of simplicial objects in SmR, and X• is a cosimplicial object in SmR, then ([p], [q]) " (Bp xa(Bp) a(Ep))(Xq) is a bisimplicial set, and we get a natural map of complexes

TotZ[(B. xa(B.) a(E.))(X•)]

" Hom(mf(r,(B.) " r1(a(E.))), mf(r>(X') " r1(a(X')))). (5.6)

Here, r0( B.), r0( X *), etc., are defined as the direct sum total complexes, and we view the simplicial (respectively, cosimplicial) direction as the horizontal one. For example, the degree n-component (r0(X*))n of the total complex is the possibly infinite direct sum 0pqeZp+q=n r0q(X—p). On the left-hand side, the vertical direction is that coming from X\ Using the sign conventions from 5.4, we have to

introduce a sign (_1)q(q_1)/2 in bidegree (p, q) in order that (5.6) is a morphism of complexes. On homology, (5.6) induces for every integer * a map

In particular, any class c e H2n(mf(r0(B.) — F(a(E.)))) gives by composing (5.7) with the evaluation at c a map

*c: H(TotZ[(B. xa(B.) a(E.))(X•)])

Definition 3. A regulator datum is a tuple m consisting of (1) a category S together with a functor a : SmR ^ S, (2) functors r0 : SmRp ^ Ch, r1 : Sop ^ Ch together with a natural transformation r0 ^ r1 o a, (3) a morphism of simplicial objects E. ^ B. in SmR, and (4) a class c e H2n(mf(r0(B.) ^ W E. )))).

To simplify notation, we denote such a regulator datum by m = (S, E. ^ B.,

r0 ^ r o a, c).

Lemma 5.9. A regulator datum m induces for every cosimplicial object X* in SmR and i > 0 a homomorphism

regi(m) : n((B. xa(B.) a(E.))(X.)) ^ H2n-i(mf(F,(X.) ^ F(a(X.)))). Proof. The desired homomorphism regi (m) is the composition

ni((B. Xa(B.) a(E.))(X.))

Hi(Z[diag(B. xa(B.) a(E.))(X.)]) Hurewicz

—>H (Tot Z[(B. xa(B.) a(E.))(X.)]) by Eilenberg-Zilber

-UH2n-i(mf(r>(X.) ^ r1(a(X.)))) by (5.8). □

We record the following naturality properties which are easily established. They will be used in the comparison of the relative with the syntomic Chern character in the next section. Consider two regulator data m = (S, E. ^ B., r0 ^ r1 o a, c) and m' = (S', E. ^ B., r0' ^ F/ o a', c') with the same E. ^ B..

Assume, moreover, that we have a functor b : S ^ S' such that b o a = a', natural transformations r0 ^ r0', r1 ^ F/ o b, and a natural homotopy h between

H (Tot Z[(B. xa(B.) a(E.))(X.)])

^ Hom( H * (mf(^)( B.) ^ n(a( E.)))), H *-i (mf(r0( X.) ^ F(a(X.))))).

^ H2n-i(mf(r>(X.) ^ Fi(a(X.)))).

the compositions r0 ^ r0' ^ F/ o a' and r0 ^ r o a ^ F/ o b o a = r/ o a'. For every map Z ^ Y in SmR, these induce a map mf(F0(Y) ^ F1(a(Z))) ^ mf (r0'(Y) ^ F1'(a'(Z))) (see 5.2).

Lemma 5.10. If c maps to c' by the map H2n(mf(F0(B.) ^ Fi(a(E.)))) ^ H2n (mf(F0'( B.) ^ F/(a'( E.)))), then for every X • the diagram

n ((B. xa(B.) a(E.))(X.)) H2n-i (mf(F>(X•) ^ F/(a(X•))))

n((B. Xa'(B.) a'(E.))(X.)) re& ; H2n-i(mf(r'(X') ^ F/(a'(X'))))

commutes.

We now consider regulator data m = (S, E. ^ B., F0 ^ F1 o a, c) and m' = (S, E. ^ B., F0 ^ F1 o a, c') with the same category S and complexes r0, r1, and assume that we have a commutative diagram of simplicial objects in Sms:

E. ^ E.

b. ^ B.

Lemma 5.11. If c' e H2n(mf(r0(B.) ^ r(a(E.)))) maps to the class c e H2n(mf(r0(B.) ^ r1(a(E.)))) by the induced map, then for every X. the diagram

ni((B, Xa(B.) a(E,))(X•))■

Teg,(ffl)

ni((B, Xa(B,) a(E,))(X•))

reg; (ffl')

H 1 (mf(ro(X•) ^ ri(a(X'))))

commutes.

We now construct a regulator datum «nd(r) that produces the relative Chern character. Let SmfR be the category of smooth weak formal R-schemes. Let a: SmR ^ SmfR be the weak completion functor X ^ X, let r0 be given by X ^ FnRrdR(Xk/K), let r be given by X ^ RrdR(XK/K), and let the natural transformation r0 ^ r1 o a be given by (5.1). For E. ^ B., we take E. GLr ^ B. GLr. As cosimplicial object in SmR we will always take X. = X xR AR = Spec(A[A.]) for some affine X = Spec(A) in SmR.

With these choices we have

(B. xa(B.) a(E.))(X•) = Fr(A), see (3.5), (5.12)

mf(r0(X•) — A(a(X•))) = RFrel(X xr AR, n) by Definition 2. (5.13)

For the equality (5.12) we use that GL(X) = HomSmfR(X, GL) = GLr(Af). To get a regulator datum, we need to specify the class c. This is accomplished by the following.

Lemma 5.14. For each r > 1, the natural map

H2n(mf(FnRrdR(B. GLr,K /K) — RrdR(E.GLr,K/K)))

— H2n(FnRrdR(B. GLr,K /K)) = FnHd2R(B. GL^k /K)

is an isomorphism.

Proof. This follows from the Jong exact sequence for the cohomology of a cone together with the fact that E.GLrK is a contractible simplicial dagger space, and hence has no cohomology in positive degrees (see [Tam10, Lemma 2.11]). □

In particular, there is a unique class

chneV) e H2n(mf(FnRrdR(B. GLr K /K) — RrdR(E.Gl^k/K))) (5.15)

which is mapped to the degree 2n component ch^} e FnHd2R (B. GLr K / K) of the universal Chern character class in de Rham cohomology. Since the chdRr} are compatible for varying r > 1, so are the ch^^).

We also need the following lemma. At this point it is crucial to work with dagger spaces.

Lemma 5.16. The natural map Rrrel(X, n) — Rrrel(X x AR, n) is a quasi-isomorphismfor any X e SmR.

Proof. It suffices to check this for both components of the cone separately. We first show that RrdR(XK/K) — RrdR(XK x AK/K) is a quasi-isomorphism.

By construction, RrdR(XK x AK/K) is the direct sum total complex of a double complex in the second quadrant. The filtration by columns gives a convergent spectral sequence in the second quadrant (see [Wei94, 5.6.1] for the dual homological case),

Ep'q = HdqR(Xk x A_p/K) ^ Hp+q(RfdR(Xk x A./K))•

The differential d1 is induced from the cosimplicial structure of AK. The homotopy invariance of de Rham cohomology of dagger spaces [GK99, Proposition 5.8] implies that d1p q is the identity if p is even and zero if p is odd. Hence Ea2q = HdqR(XK/K), Epq = 0 if p < 0. It follows that the edge morphism E^'q = HdqR(XK/K) — Hq(RrdR(XK x AK/K)) is an isomorphism.

For F"RfdR(Xk/K) — FnRrdR(Xk x AK/K) we argue similarly, using in addition that Hd*R(XK/K) — Hd*R(XK xK A-p/K) is an isomorphism by the

homotopy invariance of de Rham cohomology; hence so is Fn Hd*R(XK/K) — Fn Hd*R(Xk xk AKp/K) by strictness (see 4.3). □

Definition 4. Let X = Spec(A) be a smooth affine R-scheme of finite type. Let a>n\r) be the regulator datum (SmfR, E. GLr — B. GLr, FnRrdR((.)K/K) — RrdR((X)K/K), chnel(r)). By 5.9, this gives homomorphisms

regi(mnd(r)): n(Fr(A)) — H2n-i(Rrrel(X x A., n)) ^ H%-i(X, n),

which are compatible for varying r > 1. The relative Chern character is defined to be the colimit

]im reg; (mn=V)) „ . <: Kirel(X) = limn (Fr (A)) ■-=-r-> H*K (X, n).

We use Jouanolou's trick to extend this definition to all schemes in Sm

According to Jouanolou and Thomason [Wei89, 4.4], such a scheme X admits a Jouanolou t bundle on X.

a Jouanolou torsor W -— X, i.e., W is affine and p is a torsor for some vector

Lemma 5.17. In the above situation, the map p*: Rrrel(X, n) — Rrrel(W, n) is a quasi-isomorphism.

Proof. It is enough to show that p induces a quasi-isomorphism on both

components of the cone. We show that RrdR( XK / K) R rdR( WK / K) is a quasi-isomorphism. Using again that p*: Hd*R( XK / K) — Hd*R( WK / K) is strict with respect to the Hodge filtrations (see 4.3), the proof for FnRrdR is similar.

Choose a finite open covering X = UaeA Ua such that p-1(Ua) — Ua is isomorphic to a trivial vector bundle ArUa — Ua. Let U. — X be the Cech nerve of this covering, and denote by p-1(U.) — W its base change to W. Since {(Ua)K}aeA is an admissible covering of XK, it follows that RrdR(XK/K) — RrdR((X.)K/K) and similarly RidR(WK/K) — RrdR(p^U.^/K) are quasi-isomorphisms. Hence we are reduced to the case that W — X is of the form

AX — X. Then the claim follows from homotopy invariance for the de Rham cohomology of dagger spaces [GK99, Proposition 5.8] □

Definition 5. Let X be in SmR, and choose a Jouanolou torsor W — X .We define the relative Chern character to be the composition

K;rel(X) — Kf(W) Hr2n-i (W, n) H*-i (X, n).

One checks that this does not depend on the choice of W — X using the fact that, for two Jouanolou torsors W — X, W' — X, the fibre product W x XW' — X is again a Jouanolou torsor.

6. Comparison with the rigid syntomic regulator

The main technical problem in the construction of the rigid syntomic regulator is the construction of functorial complexes computing rigid and rigid syntomic cohomology. This was solved by Besser [Bes00b]. An alternative construction of the regulator using cycle classes and higher Chow groups instead of K-theory is given in [CCM13]. We recall Besser's construction with some improvements from [CCM13]. As in [HK11], the systematic use of dagger spaces simplifies the construction a little bit.

Let R be as before, and assume moreover that the residue field k of R is perfect. Let K0 c K be the field of fractions of the ring of Witt vectors of k.

6.1. Rigid cohomology. We consider the category Schk of separated schemes of finite type over k which admit a closed immersion in a flat weakly formal R-scheme Y with smooth special fibre Yk. For X e SmR, the special fibre Xk is in Schk, as we can take the closed immersion of Xk in the weak completion X of X.

Let X be in Schk, and choose an embedding X — Y as above. The rigid cohomology of X with coefficients in K is by definition the de Rham cohomology of the tube ]X[Y := sp-1(X) c YK (see 2.2) of X in Y:

Hr*g( X/K) = Hd*R(] X [y/K)

[Ber97], [GK99, Proposition 8.1]. Up to isomorphism this is independent of the choice of Y. Following Besser, we define

Rrrig(X/K)y := RrdR(]X[Y/K).

This complex is functorial only in the pair (X, Y). To obtain complexes functorial in the k-scheme X, we proceed as in [Bes00b, §4]. Define the category of rigidpairs RP: objects are pairs (X, j: X ^ Y), where X and j are as above. We will often abbreviate such a pair as (X, Y). Morphisms (X', Y') ^ (X, Y) are pairs of morphisms (f: X ' ^ X, F: ] X X [Y) such that the diagram

commutes. The category RP substitutes Besser's category RT of rigid triples. Note that there is a natural functor SmR — RP taking X to the pair (Xk, X).

With this replacement, Besser's construction [Bes00b, Proposition 4.9, Corollary 4.22] goes through word by word and yields the following.

Proposition 6.1. (i) There exists a functor Rrrig(., / k ) : Schop ^ ChK to the category of complexes of K-vector spaces such that H *( R rrig( X/K )) = Hr*g(X/K) functorially. If K is absolutely unramified, i.e., K = K0, and o is the Frobenius on K0, there exists a natural o -semilinear Frobenius-endomorphism 0 on Rrrig(X/K0).

(ii) There exists a functor RPop ^ ChK, (X, Y) with RP -functorial quasi-isomorphisms

Rrrig(X/K)Y together

RArG X [y / K ) = Rrrig( X/K )

R r rig( X / K )

Rrrig( X/K ).

6.2. Rigid syntomic cohomology. Recall that the homotopy pullback of a

diagram of complexes A C B is by definition the complex AxCB :=

Cone( A 0 B

C) [-1]. It fits in a diagram

A x CB

which is commutative up to canonical homotopy, given by the projection to the C-component of the cone. If f is a quasi-isomorphism, so is f.

6.2. Let X be in SmR. Then ]Xk[x= xk ^ xK , and we have natural maps of complexes, functorial in X,

FnRrdR(Xk/K) K— RrdR(]Xk[w/K) «K RTrig(Xk/K)w — RTrig(Xk/K).

Define FnRrdR(X/K) to be the homotopy pullback of the left two arrows above, a complex quasi-isomorphic to FnRrdR(XK/K), which admits a natural map

FnRT dR (X/ K) — Rr rig( Xk / K )w. (6.3)

On Rrrig(Xk/K0), we have the Frobenius 0 and the natural map to Rrrig(Xk/K). We define the complex

0(n)(Xk) := Cone(Rrrig(Xk/K0) — Rrrig(Xk/K0) 0 Rrrig(Xk/K)),

where the map is given by m — ((1 — (0/pn))m, m). This complex is functorial in the k-scheme Xk, and there are natural maps

RTrig(Xk/K)w RErig(Xk/K) — 0(n)(Xk). (6.4)

Consider the composition

FnRTdR(X/K) —-i Rrrig(Xk/K)w ^ ^(n)(Xk). (6.5)

Definition 6. We define the syntomic complex ofX twisted by n:

Rrsyn(X, n) := mf(FnRTjr(X/K) ^ \$(n)(Xk)). Its cohomology groups will be denoted by Hs*,n(X, n).

Remark 6.6. Writing down the iterated cone construction explicitly, one sees that Rrsyn( X, n) is isomorphic to the complex

Cone(Rrrig(Xk/K0) 0 FnRTjr(X/K) — Rrrig(Xk/K0) 0 RErig(Xk/K))[-1],

where the map is given by (x, y) — ((1 — (0/pn))x, x — y). From this one sees that the fundamental Proposition 6.3 of [Bes00b] also holds for our definition of rigid syntomic cohomology. Hence all further constructions of [Bes00b] work equally well in our setting. In particular, there are natural maps

Hs*yn(X, n) — FnHd*R(Xk/K). (6.7)

In fact, it is possible to construct a natural chain of quasi-isomorphisms connecting our version of the rigid syntomic complex with Besser's. But since we do not need this we omit the lengthy and technical details.

We now give Besser's construction of the rigid syntomic regulator [Bes00b, Theorem 7.5] in the set-up of the present paper. By [Bes00b, Proposition 7.4] and the discussion following it, for all positive integers n, r there exists a class

chnynr) e H2nn(B GLr,s, n), (6.8)

the universal nth syntomic Chern character class, uniquely determined by the fact

7dR (B. GLr,K ""

that it is mapped to the degree 2n component ch®,.) of the universal de Rham Chern character class in FnH|R (B. GLr K /K) under (6.7). These are compatible

for varying , .

Let a = (.)k: SmR — Schk be the special fibre functor. We define the syntomic regulator datum

<nr) := (Schk, B. GL,,r — B. GL,,r , Fn RTdR(./ K) —-—\$(n)((.)k), ch^r)).

Now, let X = Spec( A) be an affine scheme in Smr, and as always X• = X x r AR. With these choices, we have

(B.GL,,r xa(B.gl,,r)a(B.GL,,r))(X•) = B.GL,,r(A[A^]),

mf(FnRTdR(X.) — 0(n)(X.)) = Rrsyn(X xr AR, n),

mf(FnRTdR(B. GL, r) — 0(n)(B. GL,,k)) = R^Syn(B. GL,,r, n).

Similarly as in Lemma 5.16, one shows that Rrsyn(X, n) —> Rfsyn(X x r AR, n) is a quasi-isomorphism.

Definition 7. For i > 1, the syntomic Chern character or regulator is given by

"m reg;(mn(r))

chnyn: Ki(X) = K— n(B.GLr(A[A^])) —r->

H2n—i (Rrsyn(X xr AR, n)) = Hs2ynn—(X, n).

Using that the natural map B. GL(A) — diag B. GL(A[A^]) induces an isomorphism in homology with Z-coefficients (see the proof of Lemma 7.14), it is easy to check that this construction is equivalent to Besser's in the affine case.

Again, this is extended to all schemes in SmR using Jouanolou's trick (see Definition 5).

6.3. The comparison.

Lemma 6.9. There exist complexes Rrrel(X, n), functorial in X e SmR, together with maps

RFrel(X, n) Rrrel(X, n) ^ R/^(X, n), the left-pointing arrow being a quasi-isomorphism. These induce natural maps

(6.10)

which are isomorphisms if X is proper and * e {2n, 2n + 1, 2n + 2}. Proof. Consider the following diagram of complexes:

~ FnRT dR( X / K)

Hr*el(X, n) ^ Hs*yn(X, n)

FnR rdR( Xk / K)

R^r(XK/K)

FnR r dR (X / K)

|(6-3)

- Rrrig(Xk/K)X -

-(6.4)

-(6.5)

0(n)( Xk)

(6.11)

The left square commutes up to canonical homotopy (see 6.2); the right square strictly commutes. We set RTrel(X, n) := mf(FnRrdR(X/K) ^ Rrrig(Xk/K)f). The desired maps are induced by the maps in the diagram together with the homotopy which makes the left-hand square commute (see 5.2).

The second statement follows from weight considerations, as in the proof of [Bes00b, Proposition 8.6]. □

We can now formulate the main result of this paper. Theorem 6.12. For every X in SmR and i > 1, the diagram

Krel( x )-» Ki ( x )

h2n-i ( x , n)

(6.10)

HT (X, n)

commutes.

Proof. By construction of the maps in the diagram, we may suppose that X = Spec(A) is affine. Write Ak = A ®R k, so Xk is isomorphic to Spec(Ak).

We split the diagram up into the following smaller diagrams, and show that every single one of them commutes.

Krel( x ) ■

Ki ( X, Xk )■

Hen( x, n)

H2n-i (Rrrel(X, n))

Ki ( X )

see 6.9 syn

H2r ( x, n)

(6.13)

Here, Ki (X, Xk) := n (B. GL(A[A']) xB. gl(a*[4-]) E. GL(Ak[A*])). Since Ak[A-] = A1"(A-)1" ®R k, the map Krel(X) ■ Ki (X) factors through K(X, Xk).

All vertical (respectively, diagonal) maps are induced by a compatible family of maps for each finite level r. We can thus restrict consideration to a fixed finite level r. To ease notation, we write E. := E, GLr R, B. := B. GLr, R. The diagonal maps arise as follows: since the left-hand square in (6.11) commutes up to canonical homotopy, we are in the situation of Lemma 5.10. In particular, we have a natural isomorphism (see (6.11))

H2n(mf(FnRTdR(B./K) ■ Rrrig(E.,k/K))

■4 H2n(mf(FnRFdR(B. GLr>K /K) ■ RrdR(E.GLr>K/K))),

y(r) to be the class mapping to chnd(r) (see (5.15)) under this

isomorphism. We let ch^i be induced by the regulator data Snel(r) = (SmfR, E.

and we define chn^

B,, Fn RrdR(./K) ^ Rrrig((.)k/Kch^)). Then it is clear from Lemma 5.10 and the construsycntions that the left triangle commutes. The map cl^ is induced by the regulator datum SJ^) = (Schk, E, ^ B,,

FnRTdR(./K) —I ^(n)((.)k), chnynr)), where ch^ is defined as follows. We have a commutative diagram

which induces a map

H2nn(B., n) = H2n(mf(FnRrdR(B./K)

H 2n (mf( Fn Rr dR( B./K )

*(n)( B.,k ))) ► 0(n)( E.,k ))),

and chn (r) is by definition the image of chny(r) (see (6.8)) by this map. It is then clear from Lemma 5.11 that the right triangle in (6.13) commutes.

ch„ ;

see 6.9

It remains to show that the middle parallelogram in (6.13) commutes. For this, we apply Lemma 5.10 to the regulator data Snd and Snyn: the special fibre functor

SmR i Schk factors naturally as SmR —> SmfR —> gchk. Moreover, we have a natural transformation between functors SmfR i Ch, Rrrig((.)k/K)Q i 0(n)((.)k) given by -(6.5). Since

FnRT dR( X/ K Fn RTdR( X/K )

| (6.3) |-(6.5)

Rrrig(Xk/K)î -(6.4) = 0(n)(Xk) commutes for every X e SmR, we have a natural map

H2n(mf(FnRTdR(B./K) i RTrig(E.k/K)î.)) i H2n(mf(FnRTdR(B./K) i *(n)(E.,k))). (6.14)

If we show that under this map ch^) maps to ch^), then Lemma 5.10 implies the desired commutativity. But, indeed, (6.14) fits in a commutative diagram

H2n(mf(F"RTdR(B./K) i RTrig(E.,k/K)î.)) —^ H2n(F"RtdR(B./K))

(6.14) j, _______-^ ||

H2n(mf(FnRrdR(B./K) i *(n)(E.,k))) FnHd2R(B. GL,,k /K)

where the two isomorphisms are established as in Lemma 5.14 and, by the constructions, both ch^,.) and ch^) map to ch^,} on the right-hand side. □

6.4. Applications. In this section, we assume that the residue field k of R is finite.

Let X be a smooth and proper R-scheme. The etale Chern character class induces a map ch^. : Ki (X) i Hé;"-' (XK, Qp (n)). It follows from the crystalline Weil conjectures [CLS98] and Faltings' crystalline comparison theorem [Fal89] that Hé2"-! (Xk, Qp("))gk = 0 for i > 0, where K denotes an algebraic closure of K and GK = Gal(K/K). Hence the Hochschild-Serre spectral sequence for XK i Xk induces an edge morphism H2"-1 (Xk, Qp(n)) = F1 Hetn-i (Xk , Qp (n)) i H 1(GK, Het"-i-1(XK, Qp(n))), and the composition

chët d

rp : K. (X) -i Hetn-i (Xk , Qp (n)) -i H 1(Gk , Hn-i -1(Xk, Qp (n))) (6.15) is the etale p-adic regulator.

According to the de Rham comparison theorem [Fal89], we have an isomorphism of filtered vector spaces

DdR(He2n-i-1(Xk, Qp(n))) = HdR-i-1(Xk/K)(n), where the twist by n on the right-hand side only shifts the filtration. Hence

DdR(H2n-i-1(Xk, Qp(n)))/F0 = Hd2R-i-1(Xk/K)/Fn = Hr^i-i(X, n)

(see Remark 5.3(iii)). In particular, the Bloch-Kato exponential for the GK-representation He^- -1(Xk, Qp(n)) is a map

exp: HdR-i-1(Xk/K)/Fn ^ H 1(Gk, H^-i-1(Xk, Qp(n))), and from Niziol's work we get the following.

Corollary 6.16. For each smooth projective R-scheme X, the diagram

Kirel(X)-» Ki (X)

HdR-i-1(Xk/K)/Fn-^ H1 (Gk, -1(Xk, Qp(n)))

commutes.

Proof. It follows from Niziol's work [Niz97, Niz01] and the comparison with Besser's syntomic cohomology [Bes00b, Proposition 9.9] that there is a natural map Hsyn(X, n) ^ H|(XK, Qp(n)) which is compatible with Chern classes [Bes00b, Corollary 9.10]. By [Bes00b, Proposition 9.11], the composition

Hd2T-1(Xk/K)/Fn ^ H2nn-i (X, n) ^ H^-(Xk , Qp (n)) ^ H 1(Gk , Hetn-i-1 (Xk, Qp (n)))

is the Bloch-Kato exponential for H^-1 -1 (Xk, Qp(n)). Hence the claim follows from the comparison of the relative Chern character with the syntomic regulator in Theorem 6.12. □

Remark 6.17. By Calvo's result (Lemma 3.8(ii)), we have an isomorphism Kt-p(X) = Ki (Xk). For Xk smooth and projective, these groups are conjectured to be torsion (Parshin's conjecture). This would imply that Kirel(X) ^ Ki (X) is rationally an isomorphism. It follows from [Har77] and [Qui72] that this conjecture is true for dim Xk < 1.

From the previous corollary together with our earlier work [Tam12a, Tam10], we get a new proof of the main result of [HK11]: Huber and Kings introduce the p-adic Borel regulator rBo,p: K2n—1(R) ^ K by imitating the construction of the classical Borel regulator for the field of complex numbers, replacing the van Est isomorphism by the Lazard isomorphism.

Corollary 6.18 (Huber-Kings [HK11]). Let K be a finite extension of Qp. The diagram

K2n — 1 ( R)

((-1)n/(n —1)!)rBo, p

K = DdR(Qp(n))^ H1 (Gk , Qp (n))

commutes.

Remark. The factor (—1)n/(n — 1)! appears since Huber and Kings use Chern classes in the normalization of both the etale and the p-adic Borel regulator, whereas we used Chern character classes in the definition of the etale regulator.

Proof. Apply the previous corollary with X = Spec(R), i = 2n — 1. As mentioned in Remark 6.17, Kg;—1 (R) ^ K2n—1 (R) is rationally an isomorphism. In Theorem 7.20, we will show that the present version of the relative Chern character coincides with Karoubi's original construction. For this we showed in [Tam10, Corollary 7.23] that the diagram

K2n —1(R) -^ K2n — 1 (R)

((—1)n/(n —1)!)rBo,p

hn,2n—1

commutes. □

7. Comparison with Karoubi's original construction

As before, R denotes a complete discrete valuation ring with field of fractions K of characteristic 0 and residue field k of characteristic p > 0. In this section, we compare the relative Chern character of Section 5 with Karoubi's original construction [Kar83, Kar87] in the form of [Tam10]. For any smooth affine R-scheme X = Spec(A), this is a homomorphism

chKar: Krel(X) ^ H2n—i—1(fK, /K) = H2n—i—1(^<n(fK)). We recall the main steps in its construction.

7.1. We begin with some preliminaries concerning integration (see also [Tam12a, Appendix]). Consider the polynomial ring Q[Ap] = Q[x0,..., xn]/QZixi — 1). There is a well-defined integration map fAP: 0q[Ap]/« ^ Q sending an algebraic p-form m to the integral of m, considered as a smooth p-form, over the real standard simplex Ap := {(x0,..., xp) e Rp+1 | i xi = 1, Vi : 0 < xi < 1} c Rp+1 with orientation given by the form dx1 ■ ■ ■ dxp. This integral is in fact a rational number. It satisfies Stokes's formula:

f dœ = V(-iy Î

jap i =0 jap-1

(di )*œ. (7.2)

Similarly, one can define an integration map fAp xAq: 0q+qp^«q^]/q ^ Q, again given by the usual integration over the product of real simplices Ap x Aq. There is a canonical decomposition of Ap x Aq into copies of the standard p + q-simplex Ap+q, indexed by all (p, q)-shuffles (^,v) (see the proof of Theorem 7.20 below). It follows from this and the analogous formula for smooth differential forms that

/ œ =^2 sgn(^, v)

JAp xAi ,„ J A

œ = y sgn(^, v) v)*œ, (7.3)

, \ j aP+q

0,v) A

where the sum runs over all (p, q)-shuffles and v)*m e ^«p+qp+q]/q is the pullback of m e Oq+L««rAqi/q to the simplex corresponding to the shuffle

Tensoring the Q-linear integration map with K, we get fAp : OK[Ap]/K ^ K. More generally, for a K-algebra A, we define an integration map

Zap : 0A[ap]/k ^ 0A—K using the decomposition 0A[ap]/k = ©k+l=n 0A/K ®K 01

0K [ap ]/K'

if A is a K-dagger algebra, one can show similarly as in [Tam12a, Appendix] that by continuity this extends uniquely to a map

¡■o n on—p

I : 0A(Ap)t/K,f ^ 0A/K,f, J Ap

where the subscript f indicates that we consider differential forms for dagger algebras (see 4.2). The analogues of (7.2) and (7.3) remain valid.

7.4. Let Y. be a simplicial dagger space. A simplicial n-form m on Y. is a collection of n-forms mp on Yp x Ap, p > 0, satisfying (1 x0A)*mp = (0X x 1)*mq on Yp x AK for all monotone maps 0: [q] ^ [p], 0A, 0X denoting the induced (co)simplicial structure maps. We will often denote mp by m| Ypx^p.

The space of all simplicial n-forms is denoted by Dn (Y.). Applying the wedge product and exterior differential componentwise makes D*(Y.) into a commutative differential graded algebra.

For a K -dagger space X, we write Q *(X) for the complex of global sections r(X, QX/K). Define Q*(Y.) as the total complex of the cosimplicial complex [p] ^ Q (Yp). By Dupont's theorem [Tam10, Theorem 5.6],

I: D*(Y.) ^ Q*(Y.), « ^ V ( «|YtxkK (7.5)

is a quasi-isomorphism.

We have a decomposition Qx^K/K = ©p+q =n Q/K where QX'xAK/K : =

prX Q X/k ® prk Qk /K, and hence the filtration FXQ*(X x kK) with respect to

the first degree. This induces a filtration F• on D*(Y.), and I is a filtered quasi-isomorphism when Q * (Y.) carries the filtration given by Fn Q *(Y.) = Q fn (Y.).

7.6. Let X be an affine scheme in SmR with generic fibre XK. Recall the complexes FnRXk/K) from (4.6). Similarly as in (4.5), (4.7), there is a natural map

FnRrdR(Xk/K) ^ r(Xk, GdPi(xk)uPt(Xk) Q^/k), (7.7)

where the complex on the right computes the hypercohomology of QjJ/K on XK. Since XK is affine, the sheaves QXK/K are acyclic, and hence the coaugmentation

r(XK , Gdpt(XK)UPt(XK) Qi/K) r(XK , QfYK) (7.8)

is a quasi-isomorphism. The maps (7.7), (7.8), and

r(Xk, Qxk/k) ^ r(XK, Qg/K) ^ r(Xk, Qg/K)

give a chain of morphisms connecting FnRrdR(XK/K) with r(XK, Qf" J,

XK / K

where the arrow (7.8) pointing in the wrong direction is a quasi-isomorphism. All these morphisms are functorial in X e SmR. We denote this by

FnRrdR(Xk/K) ^ r(kK, Qfn/K)• (7.9)

If Y. is a simplicial smooth affine R-scheme, this and the quasi-isomorphism I from (7.5) give a natural chain of morphisms

FnRrdR(YK,./K) ^ FnD*(YK,.)• (7.10)

We apply (7.10) to B. GLr, r to get a map

FnHd2R(B. GLr,K /K) — H2n(FnD*(B.GLr,K)). (7.11)

Similarly as in Lemma 5.14, there is an isomorphism

H2n(mf(FnD*(B.GLr,K) — D*(E.GLr,K))) — H2n(FnD*(B.GLr,K)), (7.12) and we define

ch„K(r) e H2n(mf(FnD*(B.gL,k) - D*(£.GLr,K))) (7.13)

to be the unique element whose image under (7.12) coincides with the image of chdR(rj under (7.11).

Remark. Originally, Karoubi used Chern-Weil theory to construct the relevant characteristic classes. This is the reason for the use of the differential graded algebra D*( B.GLK). One advantage is that it gives more explicit formulae for the relative Chern character. For instance, these are used for the comparison theorem in [Tam12a] and in the work of Choo and Snaith [CS11]. It was checked in [Tam10, Proposition 5.13] that the present approach yields the same classes as the Chern-Weil theoretic one.

To describe Karoubi's version of the relative Chern character we first need a lemma. Let X = Spec(A) be a regular affine R-scheme. We consider B. GL(A) as a bisimplicial set which is constant in the second direction. Using this, we define the bisimplicial set Fb(A) := B. GL(A) xB. GL(At<A.)t) E. GL(At (A,)t), and similarly Frb(A) for every finite level r. These are bisimplicial subsets of F(A) (respectively, Fr(A)), from (3.4) and (3.5).

Lemma 7.14. The induced map on complexes ZFb(A) — ZF(A) is a quasi-isomorphism.

Proof. By the Eilenberg-Zilber theorem it suffices to show that Z diag Fb( A) — Z diag F( A) is a quasi-isomorphism. For this, it is enough to show that the map diag Fb (A) — diag F(A) is acyclic. By the definitions, we have a pullback square

diag F b( A)-diag F (A)

| | (7.15)

B. GL( A) —diag B. GL( A[A*])

Since diag E. GL(At(A,)t) ^ diag B. GL(At(A,)t) is a Kan fibration, so are the vertical maps in (7.15). It thus suffices to show that the lower horizontal map is acyclic (see [Ber82, (4.1)]).

Let (.)+ denote Quillen's plus construction. Then n(B. GL(A)+) = Ki(A), i > 1, are the Quillen K-groups of A. The map B. GL(A) ^ B. GL(A)+ is acyclic. We have a commutative diagram

B. GL( A)

acyclic

diag B. GL( A[Z*])

B. GL( A)

diag B. GL(A[Z*])+

where the lower horizontal map is a weak equivalence by the homotopy invariance for K-theory of regular rings, and the right vertical map is a weak equivalence since B. GL(A[Z']) has the homotopy type of an H-space. Hence the upper horizontal map is acyclic, as desired. □

Karoubi's relative Chern character chKf is defined as the composition

Krel(X) ^ Hi (diag F(A), Z) (Hurewicz)

= Hi (diag F"(A), Z) (Lemma 7.14)

= limH(diag Frb(A), Z)

2n-i — 1 / <n

(Q<n ( Xk ))

(using (7.17)),

where the last map is constructed as follows (see [Tam10, Remark 3.6(ii)]): an i-simplex ct in diag Fj!(A) defines a pair of morphisms XK BiGLrK and XK x

Ei GLrK such that

K ^ Ei GLr,K CT1

XK x A

Ei GLr,K P

and hence

XK -Bi GLr,K

commute. We can write

Xk x ZX

ch„K;) = («o, «1)

(ct1 CToxidAi

Ei GLr,K x XK

PxidAi

Bi GLrK x A

(7.16)

with «0 e FnD2n(B.GLrK),«1 e D2n(E.GLrK) and d«1 = p*«0.Then

((cto x idz)*«o, (ct1, prAi)V)

:= ((ct0 x idZ t «0|ei GLrk xAk , prZ )vie; GLrk xzxK )

is a cycle of degree 2n in mf(FX_kQ*(XK x AlK) ^ Q*(XK x A'K)). We now

integrate along A!' and use the quasi-isomorphism mf (O(XK) — O*(XK)) O <n (XK) [— 1 ] induced by the projection to the second component to get the map

Frb(A) 9 a » f prAi )V e ß<n (Xk)2

This induces a well-defined homomorphism

H(diag F?(A), Z) — H2n-i-1(Q<n(Xk)) (7.17)

compatible for varying r.

To compare ch^f with our version of the relative Chern character, we need the following.

Lemma 7.18. Let X be a smooth affine R-scheme. There is a natural map H;el(X, n) - H*(mf(Q>(XK) - Q*(Xk))) = H*-1(Q<n(XK)). (7.19)

Proof. We have Hr*el(X, n) = mf(FnRrdR(XK/K) — RrdR(XK/K)). Since X is affine, we have the natural chain of morphisms Fn RrdR(XK/K) — Q ^n (XK) from (7.9) and similarly RrdR(XK/K) Q*(XK). These together induce the desired chain of maps,

mf(FnRrAR(Xk/K) - RAr(Xk/K)) mf(Q>(Xk) - Q*(Xk)). □

Theorem 7.20. Let X be a smooth affine R-scheme. The composition of the relative Chern character ch^' of Definition 4 with the comparison map (7.19) coincides with Karoubi's relative Chern character ch^.

Proof. Let X = Spec( A). Using the quasi-isomorphism Z F b( A) -— Z F ( A), we can describe the composition

Krel(X) (X, n) —i H(Xk)) (7.21)

explicitly, as follows. We have a natural map (see the construction in Lemma 7.18)

H2n(mf (FnRrdR(B. GLr,K /K) i fifdR(£.GLr,K)))

i H2n(mf (ß>n(B.GLr,K) i ß*(E.GLr,K))),

and we denote the image of chnel(r, (see (5.15)) under this map by

dÇ^ e H2n(mf(ß(B.GLr>K) » ß*(E.GLr>K))).

' n,(r)

As in (5.7), we have a map Hi (Tot ZFb(A)) — Hom

H2n(mf(Q(B.GLr>K) — Q*(E.GL;,k))), H2n-i(mf(Q>(Xk) — Q*(Xk x A*)))

which we can compose with the evaluation eval^rei to get

'n,(r)

Hi (Tot ZF;(A)) — Ha- (mf(Q^ (Xk) — Q*(Xk x A'k))). Xp

(7.22)

(7.23)

Since XK x is an affinoid dagger space, and hence the higher cohomology

of coherent sheaves on XK x AK vanishes, the argument of Lemma 5.16 shows that the coaugmentation Q *( XK ) —> Q*(xk x A'k) is a quasi-isomorphism. It induces an isomorphism

(mf(Q>(Xk) — Q*(Xk x AK))) = H2

1(Q<n (Xk)). (7.24)

Now (7.21) equals the composition of

Kirel(X) = n (F(A))

= Hi (Z diag F"(A)) = lim Hi (Tot ZFrb(A))

> H (Z diag F(A))

H (Tot Z F "( A))

(7.25)

with the map induced on the direct limit by (7.23) and (7.24). From the definitions of chnel(r) in (5.15) and ch^) in (7.13), it is clear that

i^,.) = I (chKjr)), where we still denote by I the isomorphism induced by I (see

(7.5)) on the cohomology of the respective mapping fibres. Thus we have to show that

H (Tot ZF}(A))

Eilenberg-Zilber

H (Z diag F;b( A))

(7.22)

H2n (mf(Q^n (B.GLr,K )—Q * (E. GLr,K ))), -

H2n-i(mf(Q(XK) — Q*(XK x AK)))

(7.24)

(7.17)

H 2n-i-1(Q<n ( XK ))

(7.26)

commutes. The following lemma shows that, on the level of complexes, (7.24) is given by sending an element of the mapping fibre (n0, nO to the integral of n1 along the simplex A*.

H2n-i (mf(Q >n (Xk )—Q *(Xk xA' )))

Lemma 7.27. A quasi-inverse of Q*(XK) -— Q*(XK x A'K) is given by integration over the standard simplices:

ßk+P(£k X AK) ^ ßk(), « ^ (-1)p(p-1)/2 Î

Proof. The integration map is obviously left inverse to the inclusion of Q*(XK) as the zeroth column in the double complex Q*(XK x AK). So we only have to check that the integration indeed defines a morphism of complexes. This is straightforward using the following relative version of Stokes' formula,

[ da = (-1)pd f a + V(-1)!' i (d)*a,

j a p jap i=0 j a P-1

and keeping in mind that the total differential on Qq (XK x AK) is given by a —

(-1) pd a + Ef=o("1)!' (d)* a. □

To show the commutativity of diagram (7.26), we start with a bisimplex a e F,(A)p i-p, so the degree of a in TotZFrb(A) is i. First, we compute its image in Q<n (XK) going counterclockwise. As before, a gives a commutative diagram

Xk x Ak- p ^^ Ep GLr,K

XK -^ Bp GLr,K

The component of I(ch^"}) in simplicial degree p is given by (/Ap a0, /Ap a1) (see (7.16)). Hence tlie image of a in the lower left corner of (7.26) is given by

(-1)(i-p)(i-p-1)/2(ao* fAp ao, a* fAp a1) e mf(Q>(Xk) — Q*(xk xAk-p))2n-p, and its image in Q<n (XK) by

/ o-* / «1 =

Ja i-p Jap Ja

(o 1 X idAP )*«1.

Note that there is no sign, because the signs introduced via (7.22) (see (5.6)) and the integration map of Lemma 7.27 cancel out.

Next, we compute the image of a going through diagram (7.26) clockwise. To do this, we use the shuffle map which is an inverse of the Eilenberg-Zilber isomorphism (see [Wei94, 8.5.4]): recall that a (p, i — p) shuffle (ß, v) is a permutation ß2,..., ßp, vi,..., vi—p) of {1, 2,..., i} such that ß < ß2 < ■ ■ ■ < ßp and v1 < ■ ■ ■ < v — p. It determines a map ß: [i ] ^ [p] in the category

A given by ^ = sM1—1 o sM2—1 o ■ ■ ■ o sMp—1 and similarly v: [i] ^ [i — p] such that v): [i ] ^ [p] x [i — p] is a nondegenerate i-simplex of the simplicial set Ap x A1 — p. All such simplices arise in this way. On any simplicial (respectively, cosimplicial) object, we have induced maps ^Vv* (respectively, v*).

i GLr,K »

In particular, we have EpGLrK ^ £iGLrK, BpGLrK and v*: A'K ^ ATK— p. Recall that we started with a (p, i — p)-simplex ct in Fj!(A). Then v)*ct is an i-simplex in diag Fj!(A). The shuffle map sends ct to

^]sgn(^, v)(^, v)*CT,

where the sum runs over all (p, i — p)-shuffles v). Its image under the Karoubi construction (7.17) is then given by

J>n(^,v) / (((^, v)*ct)1, prAi)V|e,.GLr,KxA~K•

/,. j a'

Thus, to complete the proof, we have to show the equality

(ct1 x idAp )*«1|epglk x^k

Esgn(^,vW (((^, v)*ct)1 , prAi )v|e<glk

Ai-pxA P

(7.28)

Describing the map that appears in the right-hand side of the formula more explicitly, we have that for a (p, i — p)-shuffle v) the induced map XK x

№,v)*oOi

commutative diagram,

> EiGLK is given by o ct1 o (idfK xv4). Hence we have a

Xk x ^k P x X

idx x idA ¡-p

XK x aX

(idx xvt,prAi )

Xk x AK

CTixidAP

ffixidA

(((u,v)*ff)i,prAi )

Ep GLr K x AK

Ep GLr K x AK

M*xidAi

Ei GLr,K x A^K

The composition of the two left vertical arrows is idfK x(v*,^,*). The map (v*, is exactly the map corresponding to the shuffle v) in the standard

idEp GL

decomposition of A1 p x Ap into i-simplices. It follows (see (7.3)) that

f (?) = £ sgn(^, v) ( (idx x(v*,^*))*(?). (7.29)

Ja i-p xAp (M,v) Ja'

Since a1 e D2n-1(E.GLr K) is a simplicial differential form, we have x

idAi )*a1|EiGLr,KxAXK = (idEpGLr,K x^*)*a1|EpGLr,K xAK .Henceweget

(idX x(v*,^*))+(a1 x idAp )*a1|EpGLr,K xAp = (((^, v)*a)1, prAi ) + a1 I Ei GLr,K xAi •

Setting (?) = (a1 x idAp)*a1 |E GLrKxAp in (7.29), we get the desired equality (7.28). " '' □

Acknowledgements

The results presented here emerged from my thesis [Tam10]. It is a pleasure to thank my advisor Guido Kings for his interest and constant support. I would like to thank the California Institute of Technology, where most of this work was done, and especially Matthias Flach, for their hospitality, and the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft for financial support. Furthermore, I would like to thank Nicola Mazzari for interesting discussions about this work, and the referee for several useful remarks.

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