Does Sports Reduce Shyness in Boy Teenagers? Academic research paper on "Economics and business"

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Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 84 (2013) 1441 - 1443

3rd World Conference on Psychology, Counselling and Guidance (WCPCG-2012)

Does Sports Reduce Shyness in Boy Teenagers?

Leila Shameli a *, Parvin Barzide b, Somaye Gholami c

a Department of Psychology, Shahid Charan university, Ahvaz, Iran b Department of Physiology of Sport, Shiraz university, Shiraz, Iran c Department of Psychology, Tabriz university, Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Some organizations have critical role in adolescents' socialization. Sport organizations are instances. These places play a critical role in shyness reduction or social skill learning. The aim of the study is investigation of sport effect on shyness reduction in athlete and non-athlete boy teenagers. Multistep cluster sampling method was used to select test sample among 9-13 years old boy students in Neiriz city. Forty four people were selected which were divided into 2 groups of athlete and non-athlete students. Data were collected by Chick and Boss shyness scale questionnaire and analysed by independent t-test. Our results showed no significant difference between athlete and non-athlete student shyness.

© 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Selection andpeer-review underresponsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu&Dr.MukaddesDemirok, Near East University, Cyprus Keywords: Adolescent, Athlete, Shyness, Sport, Non-athlete

1. Introduction

Proper Children socialization and social skills educating are golden goals of official education system. Social growth is achieved under socialization and proper communication of children with their environment which lead to activating their potentials. Sport gyms are one of organizations which can play effective role in children and teenager socialization [1]. These places can have a critical role in shyness incidence or social skills improvement.

These places play a critical role in the shyness reduction through social skill learning. In humans, shyness describes the feeling of apprehension, lack of comfort, or awkwardness experienced in interpersonal situations in which assessment is done by strong characters. Handerson and zimbard explain shyness as an experience in which individual pay high attention to him/herself along with a negative assessment of him/herself. These experiences for the shy person lead to discomfort and feeling inhibition in social situations and following inhibition of individual goals [2]. Anxiety does not mean anxiety in rare social situation. Anxiety is not so severe to affect individual ability negatively but also can improve his/her performance too. In today complicated world and in the age of rapid communications and social relations, social active presence and dominance on the higher science and technology is necessitate and shyness is a social retardation. Many children and teenagers in each society are undesirably confined their true personality and unique abilities in the boundaries of their shyness. Investigating the ways to shyness reduction is important because any of us has experienced shyness in his/her life. The process of social changes

* Corresponding author name. Tel: 0098-721-2237303 E-mail address: Lshameli@yahoo.com

1877-0428 © 2013 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Selection and peer-review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Huseyin Uzunboylu & Dr. Mukaddes Demirok, Near East University, Cyprus doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.770

showed that with time, complication of interpersonal relations and social pressures, competitions and withdrawals will be more extended to younger and adolescents unless it is prevented. It should be considered that shyness can gradually shift to a psychological disease so it is necessary to be diagnosed and treated as soon as possible [3].

Because shyness is more related to interpersonal and social relations so treating methods should be concentrated on improvement the quantity and quality of interpersonal relations. For example, improvement of the existing abilities in women is directly related to self-stem development and shyness reduction. There are also reports that team sport can effectively reduce shyness [4].

1.1. Question Research

Is there any significant difference in shyness score between athlete teenagers and non-athlete teenagers?

2. Methods

2.1. Project participants

Statistical society of present study consists of all 9-13 years old students in Neiriz. Multistep cluster sampling method was used to select test sample among 9-13 years old boy students in Neiriz city. Forty four samples were selected which were divided into 2 groups of athlete (21 soccer players from City Soccer School) and non-athlete students (23 students). Data were collected by Chick and Boss shyness scale questionnaire and analysed by SPSS 16 and independent T-test.

2.2. Experiment tools 2.2.1. Shyness scale

This questionnaire designed by Cheek & Buss (1983), consist of 20 questions in order to shyness assessment. Subject answered to each question based on a 5 degree Likert scale (1 for complete disagreement and 5 for complete agreement). Question number 4, 7, 10, 13, 16 was inversely graded. Based on a study on 326 students, cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was calculated as 0.94 and correlation based on 9questions cheek and Buss scale was calculated as 0.96. Moreover correlation of this scale with shyness grading by family members was 0.69 which means high viability for this scale. Retest reliability after 45 days was 0.91. Reliability coefficient of Iranian society was 0.89 calculated by cronbach's alpha test in Delavarpour and Chari study. Moreover test viability was investigated by factor analysis. KMO index was equal to 0.90 which was significant in 0.001 significant levels and showed the suitability of selected subjects and variables for factor analysis. Factor analysis on 20 items of shyness scale was compared with specific values and slopes and a general factor was defined as shyness. The specific value for this general factor was equal to 1 and included all items. Load factor for each item was between 0.44- 0.68.

3. Statistical analysis

Final scores were analyzed by SPSS version 16 Using independent T- Teat for each sample.

4. Findings

Table 1 shows the descriptive statistic for shyness in athlete, non-athlete and total students.

Table 1. Shyness descriptive statistic in athlete, non-athlete and total students

total Non-athlete athlete index

SD mean N SD mean N SD mean N shyness

11/96 54/20 43 7/04 54/27 22 15/76 54/14 21

Data was analysed by and results are showed in table 2.

Table 2. independent T-test between shyness degree in athlete and non- athlete teenager

sig t dF SEM SD mean N

0/97 0/03 41 3/44 15/76 54/14 21 athlete

1/50 7/04 54/27 22 Non-athlete

As it is showed in table 2, there is no significant difference between shyness degree in athlete and non- athlete teenager.

5. Discussion

Based on our results, athlete and non-athlete teenagers showed no significant difference in shyness scores. Previous studies showed that corporation in sport activities increase socialization, however Cheek and Buss believed that shyness dose not exactly mean less socialization so it cannot be concluded that those who are not cooperative are shy. In the other world, shyness and being less cooperative are two different variables. To complete our results, it should be considered that some societies and organizations play critical role in teenager socialization. Schools which are placed after family are one of the most important areas for socialization play critical roles in growing social skills and the shyness reduction because teenagers spend half of their life at schools. In fact, people are more affected by their life based on their school experiences than gyms because they have spent more time at schools. So it can be concluded that non significance difference between athlete and non-athlete teenagers which is reported in this study is due to attenuation of sport's importance in the society. Finally it can be concluded that if any efforts to reduce shyness can be done at schools, better results will be possibly acquired.

References

Afrooz, Gh. (2001). Shyness definition and therapy. Tehran; Islamic Culture and publishing office.

Cheek, A. & Buss, H. (2006). Shyness and sociability. Journal of personality and social psychology. 330-339. Derakhshani, S, Hosseinan S, Yazdi, S.M. (2006). The investigation on team work social skill training on shyness reduction in Tehran female teenagers at high school. New research and consulting. .5 (19) 23-34. Mohammad Nabi, M. (2010). Shyness as a kind of social anxiety. Accessible at: http://www.farsi.riwl.org