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Procedía
ELSEVIER
Procedía Engineering 206 (2017) 1604-1610
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
International Conference on Industrial Engineering, ICIE 2017
Substantiation of Hydraulic System for Weighing Freights Transported with Dump Trucks
M.S. Dmitriyeva, M.L. Khasanovaa, A.V. Raznoshinskayab*
a Southern Ural State Humanitarian Pedagogical University, Lenin avenue, 69, 454080, Chelyabinsk, Russia h South UralState University, 76, Lenin Avenue, Chelyabinsk454080, TheRo8sianFederation
Abstract
The paper considers the solution of a problem of number of the moving connected with weighing of freights, reduction, cons isting in development of tine device for determination of the freight mass mounted directly on the dump truck:. The operation of the suggested dovice is based on the principle oS hydraulic sensors use. It consists of hydraulic sensors ou the left and right iongerons, hydraulic sensors systora oS high pressure oil pipclines, hy draulic rom's high pressure oil pipelinei the oil pre ssure gauge thoriated in weight units, the three-running distributive tap, the hyeraulic ram of the dump fruck, the oi l pump withthe operation tap, dn oil tank, low pressure oil pipeline, a return piping and the bilateral action valve. The hydraulic sensors oi" the left ond right longerons aae connected to a hydraulic ram high pressure oilpipeline its parallel via a throe-running distributive tap and a bilateral action valve. The operation principle of hydraulic sen sors of tire device for we ighing ou freights ir similar to the hydrauKc ram operation.
The dependences allowing determining the key parameters of the specified device such as the internal diameter of oil pipelines for a liquid supply to sensors of the left and right longerons ac cording to the peasced amount of working fluid, Reynoids number and pressure losses in alt elements of tire hydraulic vystem are prerentrd.
The suggested device in ermbination with the devlem for fixing of the transported freight mass can find broad practical Tppl i cutim. Its use will el l ow reducmf the transp orations route and, therefore, increasing tire efficiency and safety of transport anp tcehnological processes.
©20 1 7 Tlie Audits. PoSfished by Elsevier Ltd
Peer-review undrr re5stionililtili1:yr of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering Keywords: efficiency of the transport and technological processes; weighing of freights; dump truck; hydraulic sensors.
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7-951-810-24 11. E-mail address: razn.alena1@yandex.ru
1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the International Conference on Industrial Engineering. 10.1016/j.proeng.2017.10.685
1. Introduction
Transport works are one of the most important components of any production. Trucks transport a large amount of various materials [1,2]. Thus there is a need of weighing of the freights transported by vehicles [3]. For this purpose drivers should make moving on stationary points of weighing which often settle down at considerable distance from a location of execution of works. This circumstance has adverse impact, leading to work decline, increase in fuel consumption, increase of wear of systems and parts of cars, etc. Besides, need of additional transportations has an adverse effect on the drivers safety at work general level as the increase in number of operations causes fatigue of mobile machines operators [4-7]. The fatigue (exhaustion) can be an immediate cause of a road accident or the adverse condition complicating actions of the driver in emergencies [8,9].
In our opinion, the optimum solution of a problem of number of the moving connected with weighing of freights reduction consists in development of the device for determination of the freight mass mounted directly on the dump truck [10].
2. Structure and operation of the device
Authors offer the device for weighing of the freight transported by the dump truck [11]. Operation of the offered device is based on the principle of hydraulic sensors use.
The device (fig. 1) consists of hydraulic sensors 1, 13 of the left and right longerons, hydraulic sensors' system of high pressure oil pipelines 2, hydraulic ram's high pressure oil pipeline 9, the oil pressure gauge 12 thoriated in weight units, the three-running distributive tap 10, the hydraulic ram 8 of the dump truck, the oil pump 3 with the operation tap 4, an oil tank 7, low pressure oil pipeline 5, a return piping 6 and the bilateral action valve 11. Hydraulic sensors 1. 13 of the left and right longerons are connected to a hydraulic ram's 8 high pressure oil pipeline 9 in parallel via the three-running distributive tap 10 and the bilateral action valve 11.
8 9 10 fT
Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the device for weighing of freights: 1 - hydraulic sensors of the right longeron, 2 - hydraulic sensors' system of high pressure oil pipelines; 3 - oil pump; 4 - operation tap; 5 - low pressure oil pipeline; 6 - return piping; 7 - oil tank; 8 - hydraulic ram of the dump truck; 9 - high pressure oil pipeline; 10 - three-running distributive tap; 11 - bilateral action valve; 12 - oil pressure gauge; 13 - hydraulic sensors of the left longeron.
The principle of operation of hydraulic sensors of the device for weighing of freights is similar to the hydraulic ram operation.
Before weighing of freight the body of the dump truck has to be raised by the hydraulic ram for the purpose of a free exit of hydraulic sensors rods to their maximum height. For this purpose the distributive tap is put in position I (fig. 2). Then the power takeoff is switched on and the oil from a tank comes to the pump through a low pressure pipeline. From here through the high pressure pipeline it is pumped into the hydraulic ram and hydraulic sensors. At
the maximum exit of hydraulic sensors rods the three-running tap is installed in position II. The power takeoff is switched off, the oil pump ceases to work. In case of excess of pressure in system of hydraulic sensors oil circulates via the high pressure safety valve of the operation tap.
Fig. 2. Positions of the three-running tap.
The minimum pressure in hydraulic sensors system corresponding to a "zero" mark in a scale of the oil pressure gauge is installed automatically by the bilateral action valve (position III).
After the gauge hand is in zero position, the distributive tap is transferred to position IV. In this case the oil volume which is in system of hydraulic sensors remains constant.
Under the influence of body weight oil from the hydraulic ram via the three-running distributive tap, a high pressure oil pipeline and a return piping is forced out in an oil tank. In extreme lower position the body leans in four points at end faces of the lifted hydraulic sensors rods.
Pressure indicated by a gauge hand corresponds to the empty body weight. After loading of a body, pressure corresponding to its weight is similarly fixed on a scale of the gauge. For installation of a body in transport position the distributive tap is transferred to position III. Under the influence of body weight oil is forced out from hydraulic sensors and comes to an oil tank. Before loading of the truck the three-running tap is installed in position IV, and raising of a body is executed in the normal way.
For uniform distribution of the weight of a body at its installation on the offered device change (fig. 3) is made to a body junction with an installation frame.
The hole in a bracket of a tipping axis is made elliptic. Owing to the specified constructive change at the movement of the vehicle there can be vertical displacements of a body back part toward an installation frame. For their elimination the tipping axis in addition is attached by the automatic locking device.
3. Device's key parameters determination
Effective operation of the offered device will depend on design factors. In particular, it is necessary to determine the internal diameter of oil pipelines for a fluid supply to hydraulic sensors of the left and right longerons according to the passed amount of working fluid, Reynolds number and pressure losses in all elements of the hydraulic system [12,13].
The following fluid movement speeds (u) are recommended: in the suction pipelines - 1,0... 2,0 m/s; in the pressure lines - 3,0... 6,0 m/s; in the return pipings - 2,0 m/s [3]. In this system is accepted that the oil pipeline is the pressure line, and speed is taken of the corresponding range.
Internal diameter of oil pipelines (d) is determined from a condition:
where Q - flow rate in the pipeline section, m3/s.
Fig. 3. Schematic diagram of a body when weighing (a) and in transport position (b): 1 - hydraulic sensors; 2 - chassis frame; 3 - installation frame; 4 - bracket; 5 - body; 6 - tipping axis; 7 - wooden laying.
For the considered scheme the flow rate in all lines will be identical and equal to the pump output flow. The rated force on the hydraulic sensor rod taking into account power loss on friction in the cylinder:
n • nm
where Ff- full weight of a body with freight, N;
nmec= 0,95 - mechanical coefficient of power loss on friction between the piston and the cylinder. The specified force is also defined from the following expression:
F = p•A,
where p -hydraulic pressure in the cylinder created by the pump, Pa; A - piston-face area, sq. m.
Using formulas (2) and (3), we will receive dependence for determination of the hydraulic sensor cylinder diameter:
Vn • P ^ ' nmoc' P'
Final value of diameter is chosen from a standard in accordance with GOST 6540-68.
As the device for weighing of freights is mounted to regular system of the dump truck hydraulic ram, it is necessary to execute the calculation allowing checking whether the available pump will provide the necessary hydraulic system parameters. Fortius purpose it is necessary to define the pump head [14].
Fig. 4. Design scheme of hydraulic system of the device for weighing of freights
Pressure heads for each point of the scheme (fig. 4) are determined as follows:
H = H + Z V4 ; H4 = H 7 + Z h4_1 ;
H4 = H2 + Zh2_4 + H3 + ZhA_3;
h 1 = H 6 +Z hx_ 4 + H 5 +Z 1.
H = H2 +zh2_4 + H3 +zh4_3 + H6 +zhi_4 + H5 +zh5_7 +Zh4_i +Zh-4.
Considering that lengths of oil pipelines l2-4 = l4-3 = l5-1 = l4-1, head losses in sections are equal. As pressure on hydraulic cylinders of sensors are equal H2 = H3 = H5 = H1, then:
Hi = 4 (//2 +Z h2-4 ) + E hj-4 +Z h4-1 . Head loss (Eh) in a section of hydraulic system is determined by the following formula:
£h = (f +Z)• u2 /2g , m;
(6) (1) (8)
where u - fluid movement speed (average value for the cross-section), m/s; g - free fall acceleration, m /s2;
Z iM - sum of hydraulic resistance coefficients of butt joints and the connecting parts accepted according to the passport of manufacturers or by data, to the similar designed systems, it is possible to choose approximate values of
ÇM according to the appendix of the set of rules SP 40-108-2004 (for each of flow distribution units - 4 and 7 on the scheme #m = 3);
f - coefficient of head loss on friction:
Ír = А • l/d .
The dimensionless coefficient 1 is called Darcy coefficient (hydraulic friction). It can be considered as proportionality factor between head loss on friction and product of pipeline relative length and a velocity head [15,16].
The hydraulic friction coefficient is calculated on table 1 formulas depending on value of Reynolds number. Reynolds number is determined on a formula:
u • d
where v - coefficient of fluid kinematic viscosity, m /s.
Table 1. Hydraulic friction coefficient calculation.
Movement mode
Reynolds number
Definition of X
The laminar The transitional
The turbulent
1st area
2nd area
3rd area
Re < 2320 2320 < Re< 4000 4000 < Re < 105
105 < Re < 9,2105 9,2 105 < Re
2 = 64/Re
Design of pipelines isn't recommended X = 0,316-Re0-25
( A 68 ^ 2 =0,11 -I — + — I d Re
2 = 0,1b
4. Conclusion
Thus, the received dependences allow to define a necessary pressure head, to compare it to a standard (installed in system) pump head and to draw conclusions on need of re-equipment.
The offered device in combination with the device for fixing of the transported freight mass (counter) can find broad practical application. Its use will allow to reduce a route of transportations and, therefore, to increase efficiency and safety of transport and technological processes [17-20].
Acknowledgements
The authors express their gratitude to The Mordvinian state teacher college, which sponsored this research work. References
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