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0I Available online at www.sciencedirect.com I #
& e. . Procedía
scienceDirecr Engineering
Procedía Engineering 208 (2017) 125-128
www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia
2nd International Joint Conference on Innovative Solutions in Construction Engineering and Management: 16th Lithuanian-German-Polish colloquium and 6th meeting of EURO working group Operational Research in Sustainable Development and Civil Engineering 24 May- 2nd International Workshop on flexibility in sustainable construction, ORSDCE 2017, 24-26 April
2017, Poznan-Puszczykowo, Poland
Problems in reconstruction projects, BIM uses and decision-making:
Lithuanian case studies
Miroslavas Pavlovskisa, Darius Migilinskasa, Jurgita Antuchevicienea *,
b b Irina Urba , Viaceslav Zigmund
a Department of Construction Technology and Management, b Department of Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Structures, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Saulétekio al. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius, Lithuania
Abstract
The research deals with reconstruction projects investigation by applying statistical analysis and multiple criteria decisionmaking method, also research on application of Building Information Modelling (BIM) methodology for reconstruction projects. The implementation of reconstruction projects face a lot of problems, and the list of problems is identified when analyzing Lithuanian case studies. The analysis shows that it is necessary to monitor design, construction and maintenance stages both for quality control and information management during the whole project life cycle. According to suggested problem recognition methodology, the list of problems is analyzed in terms of occurrence in the projects and influence to the project. The complex solution is based on estimated problems significance as a result of statistical survey and expert survey by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) methodology. Possible BIM uses for reconstruction projects are suggested to prevent the identified problems.
© 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of ORSDCE 2017. Keywords: Reconstruction projects; Building Information Modelling; BIM uses; Decision-making
* Corresponding author. Tel.: +370 685 37036; fax: +370 5 270 0112. E-mail address: jurgita.antucheviciene@vgtu.lt
1877-7058 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of ORSDCE 2017.
10.1016/j.proeng.2017.11.029
1. Introduction
Reconstruction projects face the same problems as ordinary construction projects and the biggest ones are energy efficiency [1] and information management [2]. Due to rapid grow of application of advanced IT technologies in construction industry, project participants understand the benefits, and Building Information Modelling (BIM) has been increasingly applied in new construction projects [3], but it is still rarely used in building reconstruction projects [4]. While reconstruction project implementation suffers from a set of specific problems [5]. The aim of the research is firstly to identify the most significant technical, organizational and managerial problems of reconstruction projects, then to analyze tools and actions that could help to prevent the problems and to increase the effectiveness of the projects, and finally suggest application of BIM in reconstruction projects of old industrial buildings.
Analyzing the sustainable development of industrial buildings, project participants face the multifaceted problem and they need support in selecting the most effective decision [6, 7]. Therefore, BIM uses in Lithuanian case studies and new techniques are suggested to be applied to support the decision-making process.
Nomenclature
BIM Building Information Modelling AHP Analytic Hierarchy Process
2. Material and Methods
The Lithuanian case studies of reconstruction projects of industrial buildings, built in a period of 1950-1981 and
reconstructed in the last 5 years, have been analyzed.
The research has been done according to the algorithm (see Fig. 1):
• A set of common problems occurring during the reconstruction was identified and analyzed on the ground of 14 case studies.
• The information collection methods: meeting with project managers, contacting by e-mail or by phone. Before comparing and analyzing the data, information about the occurred problems was received by contacting contractor and representatives of designers who participated in these projects.
• The set of 7 main problems was identified: (1) documentation of reconstructed building is out of date or notexistent, (2) due to cost savings a feasibility study work is not fulfilled and technical project is arranged in a careless way, (3) technical staff and project team members are unqualified and incompetent (low skill and knowledge level), (4) long duration of purchasing procedures as every project is being solved involving a number of participants, (5) there is no information continuity which can influence further decisions, (6) project adjustment during construction and warranty period, (7) extension of the project duration and budget increase.
• After detailed analysis of the projects and the gathered information, the frequency of occurrence of problems in the analyzed projects was represented in percentage (Table 1).
• The impact of each problem on the project was defined by using expert evaluation method and applying AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) that is one of available decision-making methods [8]. Experts were selected from practitioners and academicians related to project management. They were asked to compare and to evaluate the identified problems by using nine-point scale, shoving the intensity of importance. Survey results were treated according to Saaty's [8] methodology and presented in Table 1.
• After analyzing statistical data and expert evaluation results, significance of problems was estimated. Influence to project scores was normalized and multiplied by frequency of occurrence of problems. Problems significance was expressed in percentage (Table 1).
• Data structuration was performed, then tools and actions that could help to prevent the problems and to increase the effectiveness of the projects were analyzed. As a result, proposals related to BIM uses were introduced to overcome the major problems that are faced while implementing reconstruction projects of old buildings.
Fig. 1. Algorithm of the research
3. Results
The presented analysis of the Lithuanian case studies shows that industrial buildings face the set of 7 problems which appear in reconstruction projects (see Table 1).
The top three problems with highest occurrence in the list are: problem P2 (68%), problem P1 (over 64%), and problem P3 (over 53%). While, the biggest influence to project by expert opinion (in scores) have problem P3 (2.41), problem P7 (2.23), also problems P4 and P6 (1.65 and 1.60).
The final results of analysis using the suggested problem recognition methodology are presented in the last column of Table 1. Significance of each problem is estimated considering analysis of statistical data as well as using decision-making methodology (AHP) and applying expert survey.
Based on the results of research and identified the major problems, proposals related to BIM uses are introduced while implementing reconstruction projects. An example of reconstruction project implemented in Vilnius, the capital and the largest business city in Lithuania, is presented in Fig. 2. The reliable information and project team work based on BIM methodology can assure effective procedures and prevent occurrence of the most significant problems characteristic to reconstruction projects that are implemented in traditional way and without using information modelling and other digital technologies.
Table. 1. Problem recognition results
Problem description Occurrence, % Influence to project, scores Problems significance, %
P1 Problem - documentation of reconstructed building is out of date or not-existent. 64.29 1.31 18.78
P2 Problem - due to cost savings a feasibility study work is not fulfilled and technical project is arranged in a careless way. 67.86 0.91 10.77
P3 Problem - technical staff and project team members are unqualified and incompetent (low skill and knowledge level). 53.57 2.41 25.00
P4 Problem - long duration of purchasing procedures as every project is being solved involving a number of participants. 46.43 1.65 16.92
P5 Problem - there is no information continuity which can influence further decisions. 17.85 0.94 4.00
P6 Problem - project adjustment during construction and warranty period. 39.29 1.60 13.89
P7 Problem - extension of the project duration and budget increase. 21.43 2.32 11.08
Fig. 2. BIM uses in reconstruction project: a Lithuanian case study
4. Discussions & Conclusions
The analysis of reconstruction projects of industrial buildings shows that it is necessary to monitor design, construction and maintenance stages. The new design methods not only significantly simplify building design, construction and operation, but also make all processes more efficient using BIM. Although the processes are similar to ones that are carried out in new construction projects, however there are some differences, and the main one is primary data collection, which is not always qualitative and is limited due to the lack of information.
In the research it is identified that the following problems have the major impact to the project efficiency and results: the lack of information at the project beginning and the technical staff qualification mostly cause project extension and the increase of construction expenses. The highest occurrence of problems with the biggest influence are problem P3 (low skill and knowledge level of project staff), problem P1 (documentation is out of date and bad quality) and problem P4 (long duration of purchasing procedures), and they are mostly related to knowledge, information management and procedures. These problems can be solved increasing the personal competence, information management and BIM uses in every project.
The final conclusion of the research - implementation process of reconstruction projects must be based on the reliable information, effective procedures and project team work relied on decision-making and BIM methodology.
References
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