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Procedía Engineering 122 (2015) 2- 10
Procedía Engineering
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Operational Research in Sustainable Development and Civil Engineering - meeting of EURO working group and 15th German-Lithuanian-Polish colloquium (ORSDCE 2015)
Analysis of normalization methods influencing results: a review to honour Professor Friedel Peldschus on the occasion of his 75th
birthday.
Oleg Kaplinskia, Jolanta Tamosaitiené b*
aFacutly of Architecture (IA), Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Nieszawska 13c, Poland bDepartment of Construction Technology and Management, Vilnius Gediminas Technical University, Sauletekio av. 11, LT-10223 Vilnius,
Lithuania,
Abstract
There is a variety of MCDM methods of solving decision related problems that can by used. Only a combination of normalization and calculation methods is feasible if problems are solved which are to become a foundation of a rational decision. Normalization methods are used in decision-making processes in various fields. Many researchers apply normalization methods in civil and construction engineering and management. Reviews of normalization methods used in construction engineering and management, and their applications there are presented in the paper, as well as a review of research collaboration, achievements, academic activities, and information about one of the founders of the German-Lithuanian-Polish colloquium - Professor Friedel Peldschus. Information about Professor Friedel Peldschus, presented in the paper, has been taken from different date bases which evaluate research work.
Publishedby ElsevierLtd.This isanopenaccessarticle under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the Operational Research in Sustainable Development and Civil Engineering - meeting of EUROworking groupand15thGerman-Lithuanian-Polishcolloquium
Keywords: MCDM, normalisation methods, construction engineering, management.
* Jolanta Tamosaitiené. Tel.: +370-5-274-5242; fax: +370-5-274-5240. E-mail address: jolanta.tamosaitiene@vgtu.lt
1877-7058 Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.Org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
Peer-review under responsibility of the organizing committee of the Operational Research in Sustainable Development and Civil Engineering - meeting of EURO working group and 15 th German-Lithuanian-Polish colloquium doi: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.10.001
1. Introduction
Not many authors have published papers analyzing the influence of normalization methods on calculation results. Normalization procedure is included in each decision aimed at problem solving. In practice, there are not many normalization methods. Normalization methods can influence general results of problem solving.
2. Review: impact of normalization methods
The first analyses of the impact of normalization methods on results of calculations were made by Peldschus and Börner in the 1980s. [1, 2]. Further analyses of impact of normalization methods were made by Peldschus in 1986 [1]. In 2003, LEVI-3 software was created (by Zavadskas et al. [3]), making it possible to analyze different types of normalization methods: linear transformation (Körth, DSc-thesis in 1969 [4], Weitendorf in 1976 [5], Jüttler in 1966 [6], and Stopp in 1975 [7]), nonlinear transformation (Peldschus, 1986 [1]) normalization of vectors: Peldschus in 2008 [8]. At first, the impact of normalization methods was applied in calculation processes in context of game theory.
Then, LEVI-4 software was put forward, enabling the analysis of influence of normalization methods on calculation results [9, 10]. In Turskis et al. (2009) [11], a new version of LEVI-4 facilitated the use of new logarithmic techniques in context of some aspects of two-sided game problems. Normalization methods used for problem solving in civil engineering are presented in Figure 1.
Fig. 1. Normalization methods used for problem solving in civil engineering
The problems of normalisation fund their way into a number of interesting applications. In their work, Zavadskas et al. [12] analyze normalization of vectors and influence of linear transformation, applied in the TOPSIS method. Opricovic and Tzeng 2004 have analyzed influences of normalization applied in TOPSIS and VIKOR MCDM methods [13]. In their work, Antucheviciene et al. (2012) used the TOPSIS-F method based on vector linear normalization for initial values [14].
The influence of normalization methods on calculation results, with the application of TOPSIS, was analyzed by Cellen [15] and Tsaur [16] in their research.
Morevover, in their new research Jahan and Edwards (2015) presented a state-of-the-art survey of influence of normalization techniques in ranking [17].
4. Professor Friedel Peldschus' academic and research achievements
4.1. Professor Friedel Peldschus' biography
Professor Friedel Peldschus is celebrating his seventy fifth birthday. He was born on 7th of April 1940 in Heydekrug (Silute). After graduating from secondary school in Mühlhausen in 1958, he worked as a professional driver for the "Deutsche Post". From 1959 to 1965 he studied at the Leipzig TH, and received his Civil Engineering diploma. After graduation, he gained experience in the industry: he worked as a welding engineer and as an IT processes engineer. In addition, he gained practical experience in general construction processes and using steel based technologies in construction. He worked as a design engineer, structural engineer and programmer.
His academic and research work begun in 1968. F. Peldschus was a senior assistant at the Leipzig TH, and Head of the Construction Processes Theory Department. His gave lectures in the following subjects: Fundamentals of Construction Technology, Cybernetics in Civil Engineering and Applications of Mathematical Methods in Construction Technology. His main research area was game theory methodology and its applications with the view to optimize solutions in construction management.
He presented this PhD dissertation in 1972 [18] and defended his habilitation thesis in 1986 [1]. In the autumn semester in 1989, he was a guest lecturer in the Vilnius Civil Engineering Institute (now Vilnius Gediminas Technical University).
He was a member of the „DDR working group on multi-criteria decisions making "and European Working Group "Multi-criteria Aid for Decisions", for which he has worked since 1991. In 1991 Professor Friedel Peldschus was granted honorary (Honoris Causa) doctorate from Vilnius Technical University for his research mathematical methods and their applications in construction industry.
The former name of TH of Leipzig has changed to HTWK (University of Applied Sciences Leipzig), and Professor Friedel Peldschus has worked there as a professor since 1992. Moreover, he played an active role in the university life, and declared readiness to accept the function of the Chancellor in 1993 and 1994. Since 2001 he has been a visiting professor in VGTU. Professor Friedel Peldschus worked at the Civil Engineering Faculty, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (Germany) until 2005.
Professor Friedel Peldschus was the first to apply game theory to problem solving in civil engineering. His research focused on selection of problem solutions in construction and management. Professor Friedel Peldschus' own published articles, and those in which he was a co-author, include the following subjects: solution appreciative goals (Peldschus et al. 1983 [19]); game theory application in construction technology (Fiedler and Peldschus 1983 [20]; Peldschus 1985 [21]; Fiedler et al. 1986 [22]); optimisation of floor finishing process by applying one criterion (Peldschus and Zavadskas 1984 [23]); matrix game in preparatory work in construction technology (Peldschus and Fiedler 1984 [24]; Peldschus et al. 1986 [1], Peldschus et al. 1988[25]; Peldschus et al. 1990 [26]); a new concept of dimension of concrete production technological line (Altmann et al. 1987 [27]); game modelling in preparation for construction production (Peldschus et al. 1989 [28]); rational machinery selection combination and in earthworks (Herschel and Peldschus 1989 [29]); solution problems models in construction (Peldschus 1990[30]); multi-criteria decision support system (Peldschus and Löhne 1991 [31]; Löhne and Peldschus 1993 [32]); calculation of management parameters in sustainable construction processes (Peldschus et al. 1990b [33]); comparison analysis for construction management (Peldschus 1992 [34], 1994 [35]) and construction processes (Peldschus 1994 [36]); assessment problems in multicriteria decision making (Peldschus 1993 [37], Zavadskas and Peldschus 2003 [38]); a system for decision making theory in a program (Löhne et al. 1990 [32]); in 1993, LEVI was developed - a program for solving multiple criteria decision making problems (Löhne and Peldschus [39]; Zavadskas et al. [40]) and in 2002, the improved version of the multiple criteria evaluation program - LEVI 3.0 - was developed (Peldschus 2000 [41]; Peldschus et al. 2001 [42]; Peldschus et al. 2002 [43]; Zavadskas et al. 2002 [44]); development of software for multiple criteria evaluation (Zavadskas et al. 2003 [45]); sensitivity in decision making methods (Peldschus 2001 [46]); construction market analysis (Peldschus and Reichelt 2001 [47]); assessment of crack mechanics in buildings refurbishment (Peldschus and Wild 2002 [48]); improvement of efficiency of the production planning in small and medium-sized construction companies (Wild and Peldschus 2002 [49]); civil and environmental risk management in engineering projects (Reichelt and Peldschus 2005 [50]); fuzzy methods in construction (Peldschus 1995 [51], 2003
[52]) and fuzzy matrix games multi-criteria model for decision-making in engineering (Peldschus and Zavadskas 2005 [53]); quality problems in construction (Peldschus 1997 [54]); requirements of buildings refurbishment (Peldschus 1998 [55]); research in construction processes optimization (Peldschus 1999 [56]); economic analysis of project management, considering multi-criteria decisions (Peldschus 2006 [57]); effectiveness assessments in multi-criteria decision making (Peldschus 2007 [58]); game-theory solutions in construction operations (Peldschus 2007 [59]); multi-attribute assessment of road design solutions using the COPRAS method (Zavadskas et al. 2007 [60]); decision making in road design (Peldschus 2004 [61], 2005 [62]; Brauers et al. 2008 [63-64]); MADM in construction (Peldschus 2008 [65]); game theory application in construction management (Peldschus 2008 [66]); game-theory solutions in construction operations (Peldschus 2008 [67]); multi-criteria optimization system for decision making in construction design and management (Turskis et al. 2009 [68]); construction design project managers qualifying by applying Analytic Hierarchy Process and Bayes rule (Vainiunas et al. 2009 [69]); the analysis of the quality of results obtained using multi-criteria decisions methods (Peldschus 2009 [70]); sustainable assessment of a construction site by applying game theory (Peldschus et al. 2010 [71]).
The books and monographs represent his main research achievements: methods for the investment phase and the study of construction production (Fiedler et al. 1983 [72]); decision making methods for construction technology (Fiedler et al. 1986 [22]); application of game theory in preparation for construction industry production (Zavadskas and Peldschus 1986 [73]); multiple criteria evaluation of projects in construction industry (Zavadskas et al. 1994 [74]); matrix games in construction technologies and management (Peldschus and Zavadskas 1997 [75]); game theory in construction technology and management (Zavadskas et al. 2004 [76]). Most of books and monographs have been published in collaboration with German and Lithuanian colleagues. The reviews of these books were published in scientific journals (Rutkauskas [77]; Skitmore and Koznan [78]; Ginevicius, [79]; Podvezko [80]).
Professor Friedel Peldschus has been actively collaborating with his colleagues from abroad, and has written a number of some forewords to their publications (Peldschus [81, 82]) and book reviews (Stercelis and Peldschus [83]; Peldschus [84, 85]).
His scientific achievements in game theory have been further developed scientists from abroad: Zavadskas and Vaidogas ([86, 87]) proposed the models based on games theory; Kaplinski presented usefulness and credibility of scoring methods in construction industry [88] and application of utility theory [89, 90]; Zavadskas and Turskis proposed a logarithmic normalization method [91]; Zavadskas et al. wrote about selecting a construction contractor applying the game theory [92].
During 47 years of academic and research activity, Professor Friedel Peldschus supervised 8 PhD students, successfully participated the numerous PhD and Post PhD thesis presentations, published about 40 articles in very high rated scientific journals, published about 15 proceedings: in total, approximately 90 scientific papers. He participated in the publishing of 6 books. His articles and books were published in 4 different languages: English, German, Russian and Lithuanian.
4.2. Specific information about Professor Friedel Peldschus in a variety of databases
Nowadays, research is evaluated on the basis of information contained in different types of databases, of which the most popular is ISI Web. Information from different databases is presented in Table 1.
Table 1. Specific information about Professor Friedel Peldschus in a variety of databases
Database name Numerical data (as of: 29 Apri 2015)
Number of papers Number of quotations in total h-index
ISI Web of Science 16 466 8
SCOPUS 15 433 8
GOOGLE SCOLAR 82 983 15
Publish or Perish 139 1465 16
4.3. The German-Lithuanian-Polish colloquium and EURO Working Group "OR in Sustainable Development and Civil Engineering"
Scientific cooperation between the three academic centres from Germany, Lithuania and Poland, in which the scientists represented their universities: Prof. F. Peldschus (Leipzig University of Applied Sciences), Prof. E. K. Zavadskas (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University), and Prof. O. Kaplinski (Poznan University of Technology) [93, 97], is presented. Formal meetings have been called Colloquia, and were organized every two years in different academic centres. The initiating members of the first colloquium, held in 1986, were: Prof. K. Fiedler (Leipzig Higher Technical School), Dr. F. Peldschus (Leipzig Higher Technical School) and Dr. E. K. Zavadskas (Vilnius Civil Engineering Institute). The second colloquium was held in 1989, and a representative from Poland Prof. O. Kaplinski was invited ([91, 94, 95]). As a result of productive collaboration during Colloquiums, several postdoctoral theses and doctoral dissertations were written and defended, research papers and books were published and conferences were organized with published proceedings, etc. On the basis of these achievements, the EURO Working Group OR in Sustainable Development and Civil Engineering (EWG-ORSDCE) was established (Tamosaitiene et al. 2010 [94]). The decision to establish EURO Working Group "OR in Sustainable Development and Civil Engineering" was taken after a long international collaboration between researchers from several European countries (Lithuania, Germany, Poland, United Kingdom, Belgium, Denmark, Latvia, Estonia, Czech Republic, Slovenia). The working group was created at EURO Conference XXIII in 2009, Bonn (Germany). Currently, the group comprises of more than 100 scientists from 20 countries (Lithuania, Germany, Poland, United Kingdom, Belgium, Denmark, Netherlands, Portugal, Latvia, Estonia, Czech Republic, Slovenia, Russia, Ukraine, Australia, Iran, USA, Taiwan and others), but at the early beginning research group consisted of professors from the only Lithuanian, German and Polish academic and research centres. As a sign of significance and uniqueness of the origins of collaboration of this research group, was later referred to in articles as the "Scientific Triangle".
Collaboration in exchanging of research achievements, consulting on publications, cooperating on joint papers, supporting the future research: all that was implemented through organization of colloquiums, which were held every two years in different academic centres and covered different areas. To give a few examples, the topic of 13th colloquium, held in 2011, was "Civil Engineering Projects", and the topic of 14th colloquium, held this year, is "Innovative Solutions in Construction Technology and Management".
Scientific cooperation started by three academic centres: the Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (Applied Sciences - Germany), Vilnius Gediminas Technical University (Vilnius Gediminas Technical University -Lithuania) and Poznan University of Technology (PUT - Poland) in the form of colloquia, celebrated the twenty-fifth anniversary in 2011.
Every colloquium, beginning from the first one held in 1986, to the last one has greatly contributed to publishing research papers and books, developing research, preparing doctoral dissertations and to their international recognition. The cooperation had fruitful scientific results: 45 scientific books published, including 8 scientific monographs; more than four hundred articles published in scientific journals; 13 habilitation processes initiated or successfully concluded; 54 doctoral students presented and defended their doctoral dissertations in Civil Engineering (Zavadskas and Vilutiene 2013 [95]).
Professor Friedel Peldschus 75th Jubilee serves as a pretext to present his academic and scientific achievements. His contribution to development of game theory applications in construction and management [96-99], as well as to developing international academic collaboration has been discussed. A review of research and academic achievements of Professor Friedel Peldschus has been presented.
We wish Professor Friedel Peldschus good health and much creativity, so that we can continue to welcome him to our joint activities. On the day of his Jubilee, we would like to congratulate the scientist of the greatest format, the person whose merits and contributions to the development of international collaboration of academic communities are impressive. On his Jubilee, we wish him all the best, lots of success and, most of all, satisfaction from witnessing the success of his colleagues from abroad.
Conclusion
A review of influence of normalization methods is presented in this paper. The methods hale been developing dynamically and have a variety of dimensions. Professor Friedel Peldschus has greatly contributed to their development. Professor F. Peldschus' work during 47 years, presented in this paper, has promoted scientific achievements, fostered collaboration, partnership and exchange of knowledge of best practices. His research and scientific work was a foundation to organizing the German-Lithuanian-Polish colloquium, and the "OR in Sustainable Development and Civil Engineering" EURO Working Group. His work for the EURO and the 'Association of European Operational Research Societies' within IFORS, the 'International Federation of Operational Research Societies' has been outstanding.
References
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[7] Stopp, F. Variantenvergleich durch Matrixspiele, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Hochschule für Bauwesen Leipzig Heft 2, 1975.
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[14] Antucheviciene, J.; Zavadskas, E. K.; Zakarevicius, A. Ranking redevelopment decisions of derelict buildings and analysis of ranking results, Journal of economic computation and economic cybernetics studies and research (ECECSR) (2012) 37-62.
[15] Qelen A. Comparative Analysis of Normalization Procedures in TOPSIS Method: With an Application to Turkish Deposit Banking Market, Informatica, 25(2) (2014) 185-208.
[16] Tsaur, R.-C. Decision risk analysis for an interval TOPSIS method. Applied Mathematics and Computation, 218(8), (2011) 4295-4304.
[17] Jahan, A.; Edwards, K. L. A state-of-the-art survey on the influence of normalization techniques in ranking: Improving the materials selection process in engineering design, Materials & Design 65, (2015) 335-342.
[18] Peldschus, F. Mathemetische Modellierung und Anwendung der EDV für Transport- und Montageprozesse des Metalleichtbaues am Beispiel der Stabnetzwerk-Konstruktionene: Dissertation A Hochschule für Bauwesen Leipzig, 1972, pp. 127.
[19] Peldschus, F.; Vaigauskas, E.; Zavadskas, E. K. Technologische Entscheidungen bei der Berücksichtigung mehrerer Ziele. Bauplanung Bautechnik: (1983) 173-175.
[20] Fiedler, K.; Peldschus, F. Die Anwendung der Spieltheorie für die Technologie der Bauprozesse, in International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering Journal J-39/89 (1983) 25-40.
[21] Peldschus, F. Untersuchungen über Anwendungsmöglichkeiten der Spielteorie für Aufgaben der Bautechnologie: Forschungsbericht Stufe G. 4, Technischen Hochschule Leipzig. Sektion Technologie der Bauproduktion. Leipzig, (1985) pp. 103.
[22] Fiedler, K.; Peldschus, F.; Zavadskas, E. K. Methoden der bautechnologischen Entscheidungen. Wissenschaftliche Berichte der Technischen Hochschule Leipzig, 17 (1986), 56.
[23] Peldschus, F.; Zavadskas, E. K. Die Optimierung einiger Parameter für die Fliessfertigung, 7 internationalen Kongress industrielles Bauen Leipzig: (1984) 141-146.
[24] Peldschus, F.; Fiedler, K. (1984) Matrixspiele für die bautechnologische Vorbereitung, 10 internationalen Kongress über Anwendungen der Mathematik in den Ingenieurwissenschaften: Berichte. Weimar: 49-51.
[25] Peldschus, F.; Omran, J.; Zavadskas, E. K. (1988) Mehrzielorientierte Entscheidungen in der bautechnologischen Vorbereitung, 8 Internationalen Kongress Industrielles Bauen Leipzig (Wissenschaftliche Berichte der Technischen Hochschule Leipzig): 41-46.
[26] Peldschus, F.; Kaplinski, O.; Meszek, W. (1990) Zastosowanie teorii gier w przygotowaniu produkcji budowlanej, Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznanskiej. Budownictwo Ladowe 34: 181-190.
[27] Altmann, P.; Peldschus, F.; Zavadskas, E. K. Neue Konzepte für die Dimentsionierung von technologischen Linien für die Betonferigteilproduktion, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Technischen Hochschule Leipzig: (1987) 135-142.
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[30] Peldschus, F. (1990) Die Anwendung von Entscheidungsmodellen in Bauwesen: Forschungsbericht Stufe G1, Technische Hochschule Leipzig. Sektion Bauingeneurwesen. Leipzig, 19.
[31] Peldschus, F.; Löhne, I. Rechnergestützte Lösungshife für mehrkriterielle Entscheidungsaufgaben, IX. Internationaler Kongreß Industrielles Bauen, Leipzig 1991, Wissenschaftliche Zeitschrift der Technischen Hochschule Leipzig, 3, 237 - 241.
[32] Löhne, I.; Peldschus, F.; Zavadskas, E. K. (1990) Programmsystem Enscheidungstheorie. Kolloquium Entscheidungen in der Bautechnologie, (am 13 September 1989 in Leipzig, DDR), Wissenschaftliche Berichte der Technischen Hochschule Leipzig: 6, 66 - 71.
[33] Peldschus, F.; Kaplinski, O.; Meszek, W. (1990) Die Berechnung von Steuerparametrern für harmonisierte Bauprozesse. Internationales Kolloquium - Entscheidungen in der Bautechnologie. Technischen Hochschule Leipzig: 22-27.
[34] Peldschus, F. (1992) Gleichgewichtsbetrachtungen für das Baubetriebswesen, Wissenschaftliche Berichte der Technischen Hochschule Leipzig: 2, 2 - 8.
[35] Peldschus, F. (1994) Gleichgewichtsbetrachtungen für das Baubetriebswesen, Marktwirtschaft und Management. Schriftreihe: die technologische und wirtschafliche Entwicklung der Volkswirtschaft. Band. 2. Vilnius: Technika: 57-63.
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[37] Peldschus, F. (1993) Bewertungsprobleme bei mehrkriteriellen Entscheidungen, Statybos Technologija ir Menedzmentas 7, 3 - 7.
[38] Zavadskas, E. K.; Peldschus, F. Mehrkriteriellen Entscheidungen in Bauwesen. IKM 2003:proceedings 16th international conferenceon theapplication of computer science and mathematics in architecture and civil engineering = internationales kolloquium über Anwendungen der Informatik und der Mathematik in Architectur und Bauwesen: digital proceedings, 10-12 Juni, 2003, Weimar Bauhaus-Universität Weimar. Weimar (2003): 6 - 1 (CD-ROM).
[39] Löhne, I.; Peldschus, F. (1993) LEVI - a program for the solution of multiple criteria decision making problems. Brosowski, Bruno (ed.) et al., Multicriteria decision: proceedings of the 14th meeting of the German working group "Mehrkriterielle Entscheidung", held at Riezlern, Austria, Sept. 22-27, 1991. Frankfurt am Main: Verlag Peter Lang. Approximation Optimization. 4, 63-68.
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[41] Peldschus, F.. (2000) LEVI 3.0 - Ein Programm für mehrkriterielle Entscheidungen, 7. Deutsch-litauisch-polnische CM-Arbeitstagung 14. -17. September 1999 Aachen, HTWK Leipzig, Podium Sonderheft (1), 31 - 33.
[42] Peldschus, F.; Messing, D.; Zavadskas, E. K.; Ustinovicius, L. (2001) LEVI 3.0 - Ein Programm fuer mehrkriterielle Entscheidungen Forschungsbericht 2001: elektroninis isteklius [CD]. Leipzig : HTWK, 46-48.
[43] Peldschus, F.; Messing, D.; Zavadskas, E. K.; Ustinovicius, L.; Turskis, Z. (2002) LEVI 3.0 - jvertinimo pagal daugelj kriterj neapibreztumo s^lygomis programa, Technological and Economic Development of Economy VIII(1), 3-12.
[44] Zavadskas, E. K.; Ustinovicius, L.; Turskis, Z.; Peldschus, F.; Messing, D. 2002. LEVI 3.0 - Multiple criteria evaluation program for construction solutions, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management VIII(3): 184-191.
[45] Zavadskas, E. K.; Ustinovichius, L.; Peldschus, F. (2003) Development of software for multiple criteria evaluation, Informatica 14(2), 259272.
[46] Peldschus, F. (2001) Sensivilitätsuchungen zu Methoden der Mehrkriteriellen Entscheidungen, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management VII(4), 274-280.
[47] Peldschus, F.; Reichelt, B. (2001) Planspiel Baumarkt - Neue Wege in der Ausbildung für Baustudenten an der HTWK Leipzig, Podium 2, 19 - 25.
[48] Peldschus, F.; Wild, J. T. (2002) The assessment of crack mechanics for building renewal, Technological and Economic Development of Economy 8(2), 50-57 (in German).
[49] Wild, J. T.; Peldschus, F. (2002) The improvement of the efficiency of the production planning in smals and medium-sized construction businesses, Technological and Economic Development of Economy 8(1), 13-18 (in German).
[50] Reichelt, B.; Peldschus, F.. (2005) The application of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) in risk management of civil and environmental engineering projects, Foundations of Civil and Environmental Engineering 6: 159-163.
[51] Peldschus, F. (1995) Fuzzy Methoden im Bauwesen, 5. Deutsch-Litausch-Polnisches Kolloquium Planungsinstrumente Im Baubetriebswesen, Leipzig 1995, Beiträge zu Lehre und Forschung Sonderheft der HTWK: 21 - 25.
[52] Peldschus, F. (2003) Mnogocelevoi vybor varianta ustroistva trassy elektrokabelej v ucloviäch necetkoj informacii, Computer Modelling and New Technologies 7(2), 51 - 59.
[53] Peldschus, F.; Zavadskas, E. K. 2005. Fuzzy matrix games multi-criteria model for decision-making in engineering, Informatica 16(1): 107120.
[54] Peldschus, F. Bemerkungen zum Qualitätsmanagement im Bauwesen, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 4(12) (1997) 69 - 73.
[55] Peldschus, F. Neue Anforderungen an den baulichen Wärmeschutz in Deutschland, International conference Facilitis Management in Central and Estern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent States, 14. - 15. May 1998 Vilnius, proceeds (1998) 294 - 299.
[56] Peldschus, F. Logistische Untersuchungen zur Optimierung von Baustellenprozessen, 6 th international conference Modern Building Materials , Structures and Techniques 19. - 22. Mai 1999, Vilnius, proceeds Vol. IV S. (1999) 170 - 175.
[57] Peldschus, F. Economical analysis of project management under consideration of multi-criteria decisions, Technological and Economic Development of Economy: 12(3) (2006) 169-170.
[58] Peldschus, F. The effectiveness of assessments in multi-criteria decision. International Journal Management and Decision Making 8(2/3) (2007) 193-200.
[59] Peldschus F. Game-theory solutions in construction operation, in 9th International Conference Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques. Vol. 1-3. Ed. by M. J. Skibniewski; P. Vainiunas, E. K. Zavadskas, May 16-18, 2007, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika, (2007) 348-353.
[60] Zavadskas, E. K.; Kaklauskas, A.; Peldschus, F.; Turskis, Z. 2007. Multi-attribute assessment of road design solutions by using the COPRAS method, Baltic Journal of Road and Bridge Engineering 2(4): 195-203.
[61] Peldschus, F. Multiple critera analysis in the construction of motorways, in 8th International Conference Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques. Ed. by P. Vainiunas, E. K. Zavadskas, May 19-21, 2004, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika, (2004) 125 - 126.
[62] Peldschus, F.; Zavadskas, E. K. Fuzzy matrix games multi-criteria model for decision-making in engineering, Informatica 16(1): (2005) 107120.
[63] Brauers, W. K. M.; Zavadskas, E. K.; Peldschus, F.; Turskis, Z. 2008a. Multi-objective decision-making for road design, Transport 23(3): 183-193.
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[65] Peldschus, F. Multi-attribute decisions in construction, Transformations in Business & Economics 7(2): (2008) 163-165.
[66] Peldschus, F. 2008b. Experience of the game theory application in construction management, Technological and Economic Development of Economy 14(4): 531-545.
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[68] Turskis, Z.; Zavadskas, E. K.; Peldschus, F. Multi-criteria optimization system for decision making in construction design and management, Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics (1) (2009) 7-17.
[69] Vainiünas, P.; Zavadskas, E. K.; Peldschus, F.; Turskis, Z.; Tamosaitiené, J. 2009. Model of construction design projects' managers qualifying by applying analytic hierarchy process and Bayes rule, in 5th international conference. EURO mini conference "Knowledge-Based Technologies and OR Methodologies for Strategic Decisions of Sustainable Development" (KORSD-2009): Selected papers. Ed. by M. Grasserbauer, L. Sakalauskas, E. K. Zavadskas. September 30-October 3, 2009, Vilnius, Lithuania. Vilnius: Technika, 148-153.
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[71] Peldschus, F.; Zavadskas, E. K.; Turskis, Z.; Tamosaitiene, J. 2010. Sustainable assessment of construction site by applying game theory, Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics 21 (3), 223-237.
[72] Fiedler, K.; Nitschke, H.; Kaden, R.; Balke, H.; Müller, H.; Herschel, K.; Peldschus, F. Methoden der Investitionsvorbereitung und bautechnologischen Produktionsforbereitung Studie, Technische Hochschule Leipzig. Section Technologie der Bauproduktion: (1983) 135.
[73] Zavadskas, E. K.; Peldschus, F. Application of games theory in preparation for building production. Vilnius Engineering Civil Institute, Vilnius, (1986) (in Russian).
[74] Zavadskas, E. K.; Peldschus, F.; Kaklauskas, A. Multiple Criteria Evaluation of Projects in Construction / Institute of Technological and Economic Development (ITED). Vilnius Technika, (1994) 226.
[75] Peldschus, F.; Zavadskas, E. K. Matrix games in building technology and management. Vilnius: Technika: (1997) 134 (in lithuanian).
[76] Zavadskas, E. K.; Peldschus, F.; Ustinovicius, L.; Turskis, Z. Game theory in building technology and management. Vilniu s, Technika: (2004) 195 (in lithuanian).
[77] Rutkauskas, V. A. 1995. Book review multiple criteria evaluation of projects in construction, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 4: 90.
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[83] Stercelis, V.; Peldschus, F. 1988. Book review assessment of complex equipment saving in construction, Statyba ir architektüra 11: 28.
[84] Peldschus, F. 1988. Book review Komplexe Bewertung und Auswahl ressourcensparender Entscheidungen in Bauwesen, BauplanungBautechnik 10: 479.
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[88] Kaplinski, O. Usefulness and credibility of scoring methods in construction industry, Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 14(1): (2008) 21-28.
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[93] Zavadskas, E. K.; Kaklauskas, A. Editorial. Special issue on external and internal housing environments: technological and facilities approach, International Journal of Environment and Pollution 35(2/3/4): (2008) 153-157.
[94] Tamosaitiené, J.; Bartkiene, L.; Vilutiene, T. 2010. The Next Development Trend of Operation Research in Civil Engineering and Sustainable Development as a Result of collaboration between German - Lithuanian - Polish Scientific Triangle, Journal of Business Economics and Management 21(3): 316-340.
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[96] Kaplinski, O.; Peldschus, F.; Tamosaitiené, J. Professor Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas: his academic research, school of thought, and most eminent results of his work. Archives of Civil Engineering. 60(2) (2014) 287-292.
[97] Kaplinski, O.; Peldschus, F.; Tupenaite, L.Development of MCDM Methods in Honour of Professor Edmundas Kazimieras Zavadskas on the Occasion of His 70th Birthday, International Journal of Computers Communications & Control, 9(3) (2014) 305-312.
[98] Tamosaitiene, J.; Peldschus, F.; Al Ghanem, Y. Assessment of Facility Management Candidates by Applying Game Theory. Edited by: Juozapaitis, A; Vainiunas, P; Zavadskas, EK Conference: 11th International Scientific Conference on Modern Building Materials, Structures and Techniques (MBMST) Location: Vilnius, LITHUANIA Date: MAY 16-17, 2013 Procedia Engineering. 57 (2013) 1145-1150.
[99] Peldschus, F.; Zavadskas, E. K. Equilibrium approaches for Construction Processes - Multi-objective Decision Making for Construction Projects. Bauingenieur. 87 (2012) 210-215.
