0 Fixed Point Theory and Applications
a SpringerOpen Journal
Well-posedness for parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems with applications
Qiu-ying Li1 and San-hua Wang2
* Correspondence: wsh_315@163. com
2Department of Mathematics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
Full list of author information is available at the end of the article
Abstract
In this article, we generalize the concept of well-posedness to the parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problem. Under some suitable conditions, we establish some characterizations of well-posedness for parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems. The corresponding concept of well-posedness in the generalized sense is also investigated for the parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problem. As applications, we investigate the well-posedness for strong vector quasi-variational inequality problems and strong vector quasi-optimization problems.
2000 Mathematics subject classification: 49K40; 90C31.
Keywords: parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problem, well-posedness, approximating sequence, upper semicontinuity; lower semicontinuity
1 Introduction
Equilibrium problem was first introduced by Blum and Oettli [1], which includes optimization problems, fixed point problems, variational inequality problems, and complementarity problems as special cases. During the recent years, equilibrium problem has been extensively studied and generalized (e.g., [2,3]).
It is well known that well-posedness is very important for both optimization theory and numerical methods of optimization problems, which guarantees that, for every approximating solution sequence, there is a subsequence which converges to a solution. Well-posedness of unconstrained and constrained scalar optimization problems was first introduced and studied by Tykhonov [4] and Levitin and Polyak [5], respectively. Since then, various concepts of well-posedness have been introduced and extensively studied for minimization problems and vector optimization problems. For details, we refer readers to [6-13] and the references therein.
In recent years, the concept of well-posedness has been generalized to several related problems: variational inequality problems [14-18], saddle point problems [19], Nash equilibrium problems [16,20-23], inclusion problems [24,25], and fixed point problems
Recently Fang et al. [27] generalized the concepts of well-posedness to equilibrium problems and to optimization problems with equilibrium constraints and gave some metric characterizations of well-posedness for equilibrium and optimization problems with equilibrium constraints. Subsequently, the well-posedness has been extensively studied by many authors for various equilibrium problems, such as scalar equilibrium
[24-26].
Springer
© 2011 Li and Wang; licensee Springer. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
problems [28], vector equilibrium problems [29-31], parametric vector equilibrium problems [32], vector quasi-equilibrium problems [33], generalized vector quasi-equili-brium problems [34], and symmetric quasi-equilibrium problems [35]. It is worth mentioning that the most of results of well-posedness are for scalar equilibrium problem or for weak vector equilibrium problem which depends on intC * 0. However, in many cases, the cone C has an empty interior. For example, in the classical Banach spaces r and Lp(0), where 1 < p < the standard ordering cone has an empty interior. In this case, we cannot study the well-posedness for the weak vector equilibrium problem. However, we can study the strong vector equilibrium problem since the strong vector equilibrium problem does not need intC * 0. On the other hand, to the best of our knowledge, the result of well-posedness for the strong vector equilibrium problem is very few.
On the other hand, the strong vector equilibrium problem is a class of important equilibrium problems since a solution for the strong vector equilibrium problem is an ideal solution, which is better than other solutions such as efficient solution, weak efficient solution, Henig efficient solution and supper efficient solution (e.g., [36]). Thus, it is important to investigate the well-posedness for strong vector equilibrium problems.
Motivated and inspired by the studies mentioned above, in this article, we introduce and study the well-posedness for parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems. Under suitable conditions, we obtain some necessary and sufficient conditions for the well-posedness of parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems. As applications, we investigate the well-posedness for strong vector quasi-variational inequality problems and strong vector quasi-optimization problems.
2 Preliminaries
Throughout this article, unless otherwise specified, we use the following notations. Let X be a nonempty closed subset of a metric space (E, d); Y be a Huasdorff topological vector space; and A and P be two nonempty closed subsets of two metric spaces, respectively. Let K : A x X ® 2X and C : A x X ® 2Y be set-valued mappings such that, for each (l, x) e A x X, C(1, x) is a nonempty closed convex cone in Y. Let e : X ® Y be a continuous mapping such that, for each x e X and 1 e A, e(x) e C(1, x). Let f: P x X x X ® Y be a vector-valued mapping. For any fixed (l, p) e A x P, the parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problem (for short, (PSVQEP)1p) is to find 16 X such that x e K(k, x) and
f (p, x, y) e C(k, x), Wy e K(k, x).
Denote by (PSVQEP) the family {(PSVQEP)1p : (1, p) e A x P}. For each (1, p) e A x P, let S(1, p) be the solution set for (PSVQEP)1p, i.e.,
S(k, p) = {x e X : x e K(k, x) and f (p, x, y) e C(k, x), Wy e K(k, x)}.
Remark 2.1. If E is a real Banach space, Y = R, f: P x X x X ® R, K(1, x) = X and C (1, x) = (0, for all (1, x) e A x X, then (PSVQEP)ip reduces to the following parametric equilibrium problem (for short, (PEP)p): find x e X such that
f (p, x, y) > 0, Wy e X,
which has been studied in [27].
Definition 2.1. Let (l, p) e A x P and {(1n, pn)} £ A x P with (1n, pn) ® (l, p). A sequence {xn} £ X is said to be approximating for (PSVQEP)1p corresponding to {(1n, pn)} if there exists a sequence {en} £ R+ with en ® 0 such that, for each n e N,
Xn e K(k n, xn )
f (pn, Xn, y) + Sne(Xn) e C(Xn, Xn), Vy e K(Xn, Xn). Definition 2.2. (PSVQEP) is said to be well-posed if, for every (l, p) e A x P,
(i) (PSVQEP)1p has a unique solution xi,p, i.e., S(1, p) = {xi,p};
(ii) for any sequence {(1n, pn)} £ A x P with (1n, pn) ® (l, p), every approximating sequence {xn} for (PSVQEP)1p corresponding to {(1n, pn)} converges to xi,p.
Definition 2.3. (PSVQEP) is said to be well-posed in the generalized sense if, for every (l, p) e A x P,
(i) S(1, p) * 0;
(ii) for any sequence {(1n, pn)} £ A x P with (1n, pn) ® (l, p), every approximating sequence {xn} for (PSVQEP)1p corresponding to {(1n, pn)} has a subsequence which converges to some point of S(1, p).
Remark 2.2. When (PSVQEP)A,p reduces to (PEP)p, Definition 2.1 coincides with 3.1 of [27], and Definitions 2.2 and 2.3 coincide with 3.2 of [27].
Definition 2.4. Let A, P, and X be topological spaces and Y be a topological vector space. Let C : A x X ® 2Y be a set-valued mapping such that, for each (l, x) e A x X, C(1, x) is a nonempty closed convex cone in Y. Let f: P x X x X ® Y be a vector-valued mapping. For any fixed (l, x) e A x X, f is said to be upper (resp. lower) C(1, x) continuous if, for any (p, y) e P x X and any neighborhood V of 0 in Y, there exist neighborhoods Up, Ux and Uy of p, x, and y, respectively, such that
f (p', x', /) e f (p, X, y) + V + C(k, x), V (pP, x', /) e Up x UX x Uy. (resp. f (pp, x!, y') e f (p, x, y) + V - C(k, x), V (p', x', y') e Up x Ux x Uy.)
Remark 2.3. If f: P x X x X ® Y is continuous, then for any fixed (l, x) e A x X, f is both upper C(1, x) continuous and lower C(1, x) continuous.
Definition 2.5 [37]. Let X and Y be two topological spaces. A set-valued mapping T: X ® 2y is said to be
(i) upper semicontinuous (for short, u.s.c.) at x0 e X if, for each open set V in Y with T(x0) £ V, there exists an open neighborhood U(x0) of x0 such that T(x) £ V for all x e U(x0);
(ii) lower semicontinuous (for short, l.s.c.) at x0 e X if, for each open set V in Y with T(x0) n V * 0, there exists an open neighborhood U(x0) of x0 such that T(x) n V * 0 for all x e U(x0);
(iii) u.s.c. (resp. l.s.c.) on X if it is u.s.c. (resp. l.s.c.) at every point x e X;
(iv) continuous on X if it is both u.s.c. and l.s.c. on X;
(v) closed if the graph Gr(T) = {(x, y) e X x Y: y e T (x)} is a closed subset of X x Y.
Lemma 2.1 [37]. Let X and Y be two topological spaces, and F : X ® 2Y a set-valued mapping.
(i) If F is u.s.c. and close-valued, then F is closed;
(ii) If F(x) is a compact set, then F is u.s.c. at x e X, if and only if for any net {xa} £ X with xa ^ x and any net {ya} £ Y with ya e F(xa) for all a, there exist y e F (x) and a subnet {yg} of {ya} such that yg ® y;
(iii) F is l.s.c. at x e X, if and only if for any y e F(x) and for any net {xa} with xa ® x, there exists a net {ya} with ya e F(xa) for all a such that ya ® y.
We also need the concepts of noncompactness measure and Hausdorff metric. Definition 2.6 [38]. Let E be completed. The Kuratowski measure of noncompactness of a set A £ E is defined by
/x(A) = inf{s > 0 : A с L^ A;, diamA; < s, i =1,2,..., n},
where diamA denotes the diameter of A defined by diamA = sup{d(xi, x2): xi, x2 e A}.
Definition 2.7 [38]. Let A and B be nonempty subsets of E. The Hausdorff metric H (•,•) between A and B is defined by
H(A, B) = max{h(A, B), h(B, A)}, where h(A, B) = supaeA B) with B) = infbeB b). 3 Well-posedness for (PSVQEP)
In this section, we shall establish some characterizations of well-posedness for (PSVQEP).
3.1 Continuity characterization of well-posedness for (PSVQEP)
For each (l, />) e Л x P and e > 0, the e-solution set for (PSVQEP)1p is defined by П(А, p, s) := {x e X : x e K(X, x) and f (p, x, y) + se(x) e C(X, x), Vy e K(X, x)}.
We call П an e-solution mapping.
Clearly, for each (l, />) e Л x P and e > 0, S(1, p) £ П(1, p, e), and S(1, p) = П(1, p, 0).
Lemma 3.1. For any fixed (l, x) e Л x X, if f is lower C(1, x) continuous, then for every e > 0, fp, x, y) + ee(x) is lower C(1, x) continuous.
Proof. Let (l, x) e Л x X be such that f is lower C(1, x) continuous. For any given e > 0, define a vector-valued mapping F : P x X x X ® Y as follows:
F(p, x, y) = f (p, x, y) + se(x), V(p, x, y) e P x X x X.
For any neighborhood V of 0 in Y, there exists a balanced neighborhood V1 of 0 in Y such that
Vl + Vl Q V. (3.1)
For any (p, y) e P x X, since e is continuous and f is lower C(1, x) continuous, there exist neighborhoods Up, Ux and Uy of p, x, and y, respectively, such that
f (pi, X, y') e f (p, x, y) + Vi — C(X, x), V(p', X, y') e Up x Ux x Uy. (3.2)
ee(x') e ee(x) + V1, Vx' e Ux. (3.3)
Let U = Up x Ux x Uy, then by (3.2), (3.3), and (3.1), we have, for each (p', x', y') e U,
F(p', x, y') = f (pP, x, y) + se(X)
e f (p, x, y) + V1 — C(X, x) + ee(x) + V1 Q f (p, x, y) + ee(x) + V — C(X, x) = F(p, x, y) + V — C(X, x).
that is,
F(p', x, y) e F(p, x, y) + V — C(X, x), V(p', x', y') e U.
Thus, F is lower C(1, x) continuous. This completes the proof. Lemma 3.2. Assume that
(i) for each l e A, K(1, •) is continuous and close-valued on X;
(ii) for each l, C(1, •) is u.s.c. on X;
(iii) for each (l, x) e A x X, f is lower C(1, x) continuous.
Then for each (l, p, e) e A x P x R+, S(1, p) and n(1, p, e) are closed subsets of X.
Proof. (1) Let (l, p) e A x P be any given sequence. Let {xn} £ S(1, p) be any sequence such that xn ® x e X. Then, for each n, we have
xn e K(X, xn)
f (p, xn, y) e C(X, xn), Vy e K(X, xn). (3.4)
Since K(1, •) is u.s.c. and close-valued, K(1, •) is closed and so x e K(1, x). For each y e K(1, x), since K(1, •) is l.s.c. at x, there exists a sequence {yn} with yn e K(1, xn) such that yn ® y. Then, by (3.4), we have
f (p, xn, yn) e C(X, xn), Vn e N. (3.5)
For any neighborhood V of 0 in Y, there exists a balanced neighborhood V0 of 0 in Y such that
Vo + Vo Q V. (3.6)
For V0, since C(1, •) is u.s.c. at x and f is lower C(1, x) continuous, there exist neighborhoods Ux and Uy of x and y, respectively, such that
C(X, x') c C(X, x) + Vo, VX e Ux. (3.7)
f (p, X, y') e f (p, x, y) + Vo - C(X, x), V(x', y') e Ux x Uy. (3.8)
Since xn ® x and yn ® y, there exists n0 e N such that, for all n > n0, xn e Ux, and yn e Uy. Then, by (3.7) and (3.8), for all n > n0,
C(X, Xn) C C(X, x) + Vo, (3.9)
f (p, Xn, yn) e f (p, x, y) + Vo - C(X, x).
Noting that V0 is balanced, we have -V0 = we have, for each n > n0,
f (p, x, y) e f (p, Xn, yn) - Vo + C(X, x) = f (p, Xn, yn) + Vo + C(X, x) c C(X, Xn) + Vo + C(X, x) c C(X, x) + Vo + Vo + C(X, x) c C(X, x) + V.
(3.10)
V0. Then, by (3.10), (3.5), (3.9), and (3.6),
By the arbitrary of V, we get
f (p, x, y) e C(X, x).
Thus, x e S(1, p), and this implies that S(1, p) is closed.
(2) For each s >0, let
F(p, x, y) = f (p, x, y) + se(x), V(p, x, y) e P x X x X.
Then, by Lemma 3.1, for each (l, x) e A x X, F is lower C(1, x) continuous. It follows from (1) that, for each (l, p) e l x P, the set
{x e X : x e K(X, x) and F(p, x, y) e C(X, x), Vy e K(X, x)}
is closed, i.e., n(1, p, s) is closed. This completes the proof.
The following theorem gives a characterization of the well-posedness in the generalized sense for (PSVQEP).
Theorem 3.1. (PSVQEP) is well-posed in the generalized sense, if and only if for every (l, p) e A x P, S(1, p) is a nonempty compact subset of X and n is u.s.c. at (l, p, 0).
Proof. For any (l, p) e A x P, suppose that S(1, p) is a nonempty compact subset of X and n is u.s.c. at (l, p, 0). Let {(1n, pn)} £ A x P be an arbitrary sequence with (1n, pn) ® (l, p) and {xn} be an approximating sequence of (PSVQEP)1p corresponding to {(1n, pn)}. Then, there exists a sequence {sn} £ R+ with sn ® 0 such that, for each n e N,
xn e K(X n, xn)
f (pn, Xn, y) + Sne(Xn) e C(Xn, Xn), V e K(Xn, Xn).
Thus, xn e n(1n, pn, en). Note that n(1, p, 0) = S(1, p) is compact. Since n is u.s.c. at (l, p, 0), there exists a subsequence {Xnj} of {xn} which converges to some point x0 e n(1, p, 0) = S(1, p). Therefore, (PSVQEP) is well-posed in the generalized sense.
Conversely, suppose that (PSVQEP) is well-posed in the generalized sense. Then, for each (l, p) e A x P, S(1, p) is nonempty and compact, and so n(1, p, 0) is nonempty and compact. Let {(1n, pn, en)} £ A x P x R+ be an arbitrary sequence with (1n, pn, en) ® (l, p, 0) and xn e n(1n, pn, en). Then, for each n e N,
x„ e K(À n, xn)
/(pn, xn, y) + Sne(xn) e C(Àn, xn), Vy e K(Àn, xn).
Thus, {xn} is an approximating sequence of (PSQVEP)1p corresponding to {(1n, pn)}. By the well-posedness in the generalized sense of (PSVQEP), {xn} has a subsequence {xnj} which converges to some point of S(1, p) = n(1, p, 0). Thus, n is u.s.c. at (l, p, 0). This completes the proof.
For the well-posedness of (PSVQEP), we have the following result.
Theorem 3.2. (PSVQEP) is well-posed, if and only iffor every (l, p) e A x P, S(1, p) has a unique point and n is u.s.c. at (l, p, 0).
Proof. The necessity is a direct conclusion of Definition 2.2 and Theorem 3.1.
For the sufficiency, suppose that for any (l, p) e A x P, S(1, p) has a unique point and n is u.s.c. at (l, p, 0). Let {(1n, pn)} £ A x P be an arbitrary sequence with (1n, pn) ® (l, p) and {xn} be an approximating sequence of (PSVQEP)i,p corresponding to {(1n, pn)}. Then, there exists a sequence {en} £ R+ with en ® 0 such that, for each n e N,
Xn e K(À n, xn)
/(pn, Xn, y) + Sne(Xn) e C(Àn, Xn), i e K(Àn, Xn).
Thus, xn e n(1n, pn, en). Note that n(1, p, 0) = S(1, p) = {xi,p} is a singleton set and so is compact. Since n is u.s.c. at (l, p, 0), for any neighborhood V of there exists a neighborhood U of (l, p, 0) such that
U(X', p', s') ç V, V(à', p', s') e U.
Since (1n, pn, en) ® (l, p, 0), there exists n0 e N such that
(Àn, pn, en) e U, Vn > no.
It follows that
Xn e n(Àn,pn,sn) Ç V, Vn > no.
Hence xn ® xi,p, and this implies that (PSVQEP) is well-posed. This completes the proof.
Now we give a sufficient condition for the upper semicontinuity of the e-solution mapping.
Theorem 3.3. Let X be a nonempty compact subset of E. Assume that
(i) K is continuous and close-valued on A x X;
(ii) C is u.s.c. on X x X;
(iii) for any fixed (l, x) e A x X, f is lower C(1, x) continuous;
(iv) for each l e A and p e P, S(1, p) * 0.
Then, n is u.s.c. on A x P x R+.
Proof. Let (10, p0, s0) e A x P x R+ be any fixed point. Then, by (iv) and Lemma 3.2, n(10, p0, s0) is nonempty and closed. Furthermore, n(10, p0, s0) is nonempty and compact since n(10, p0, s0) £ X and X is compact. Let (1n, pn, sn) ® (10, p0, s0) and xn e n(1n, pn, sn). Observe that {xn} £ X and X is compact. We may assume that xn ® x0 for some x0 e X. Then, by similar arguments as Lemma 3.2, we can show that x0 e n(10, p0, s0). This implies that n is u.s.c. at (10, p0, s0). Then, by the arbitrary of (10, p0, s0), we know that n is u.s.c. on A x P x R+. This completes the proof. Next, we give an example to illustrate Theorem 3.3. Example 3.1. Let E = R, X = [0, 2], A = P = [0, 1] £ R, Y = R2. Let
e{x) = {1,o), Vx e X,
C(X, x) = | (f, n) e R2 : n > o, f + n
K(X, x) = [Xx, x], V(X, x) e A x X, f (p, x, y) = (p - x, x - y), V(p, x, y) e P x X x X.
Then, it is easy to see that all the conditions of Theorem 3.3 are satisfied and so n is u.s.c. on A x P x R+. Indeed, by simple computation, we have n(1, p, s) = [0, p + s] n [0, 2] for all (l, p, s) e A x P x R+. Thus, n is u.s.c. on A x P x R+.
3.2 Metric characterization of well-posedness for (PSVQEP)
In order to give metric characterizaton of well-posedness for (PSVQEP), we introduce the following notation.
Let (l, p) e A x P be given sequence. The approximating solution set of (PSVQEP)^, p is defined by, for each 8 > 0 and s > 0,
^x,p(S, e)= u n(X>, p, e)
x' eB(x,s)na peB(p,s)nP
= U {x e X : x e K(X', x) and f (p', x, y) + Ee(x) e C(X', x), Vy e K(X', x)}, x'eB(x,s)na p'eB(p,s)nP
where B(a, r) denotes the closed ball centered at a with radius r. Clearly, we have, for every (l, p) e A x P,
(i) 0A,p(0, 0) = n(1, p, 0) = S(1, p);
(ii) S(1, p) £ n(1, p, s) £ Qi,p(8, s), V8, s >0;
(iii) if 0 < 81 < 82 and 0 < s1 < s2, then 0^(81, £1) £ O^pfe s2).
Lemma 3.3. Assume that
— arctan(X;r) n
> q, V(X, x) e A x X,
(i) for each x e X, <<(•, x) is continuous and close-valued;
(ii) for each x e X, C(-, x) is u.s.c. and close-valued;
(iii) for each x e X, _/(•, x, •) is continuous.
Then, for every (l, p) e A x P, S(X,p) = 0 &X,p(s,s).
S>0,8>0
Proof. Let (l, p) e A x P be any given sequence. Clearly, S(X,p) Q (] &X,p(S,s). Thus, we only need to show that H &Kp(s,s) Q S(X,p). Indeed, if
8>0,s>0
x e n &X,p(S, s), then, for each 5 >0, and e >0, x e Oa „(5, e). Thus, for each n e
S>0,s>0
N, xe £2x^(1, i) and, so there exists (A„, pn) e A x P with Xn e B(X, i) and pn e B(p, i) such that
x e K(Xn, x) (3.11)
f(pn, x, y) + -e(x) e C(kn, x), Vy e K(kn, x). (3.12) n
Clearly, 1n ® l and pn ® p as n ® Since <<(•, x) is u.s.c. and closed-valued, <<(•, x) is closed and so x e K(1, x). For each y e K(1, x), since <<(•, x) is l.s.c., there exists yn e K(1n, x) such that yn ® y. Then, by (3.12), we have
f{pn,x,yn) + -e(x) e C(kn,x), Vrc e N. n
Since C(-, x) is u.s.c. and close-valued, C(-, x) is closed. Then, by the continuity off/, x, •), we get
f (p, x, y) e C(X, x).
By the arbitrary of y, we know that x e S(1, p) and this implies that PI &X,p(S,s) Q S(X,p) .Therefore, S(X,p) = fl QX,p($,s). This completes the
8>0,s>0 S>0,s>0 r
proof.
Lemma 3.4. Assume that
(i) A and P are finite dimensional;
(ii) < is continuous and close-valued;
(iii) C is u.s.c. and close-valued; (iii) f is continuous.
Then, for each 5 >0 and e >0, 01p(5, e) is closed.
Proof. Let 5 > 0 and e > 0 be given. Let {xn} £ Qi,p(5, e) be any sequence such that xn ® x. Then, for each n e N, there exist (1n, pn) e A x P with 1n e B(1, 5) and pn e B(p, 5) such that
xn e K(Xn, xn) (3.13)
f (pn, Xn, y) + Ee(Xn) e C(Xn, Xn), Vy e K(Xn, Xn). (3.14)
Noting that A and P are finite dimensional, without loss of generality, we may assume that 1n ® 10 and pn ® p0 for some 10 e A and p0 e P. It follows that
d(Xo, X) = lim d(Xn, X) < S and d(po, p) = lim d(pn, p) < S.
Hence, 10 e B(1, 8) and p0 e B(p, 8). Since K is u.s.c. and close-valued, K is closed and so x e K(1, x). For each y e K(1, x), since K is l.s.c., there exists yn e K(1n, xn) such that yn ® y. Then, by (3.14), we have
f (pn, Xn, yn) + Ee(xn) e C(Xn, Xn), Vn e N.
Since C is u.s.c. and close-valued, C is closed. Then, by the continuity of f and e, we get
f (po, x, y) + Ee(x) e C(Xo, x).
Thus, x e 0i,p(8, s), and so 0ip(8, s) is closed. This completes the proof.
The following theorem shows that the well-posedness in the generalized sense for (PSVQEP) can be characterized by considering the noncompactness of approximating solution set.
Theorem 3.4. Let A and P be finite dimensional. Assume that
(i) K is continuous and close-valued;
(ii) C is continuous and close-valued;
(iii) f is continuous.
Then, (PQSVEP) is well-posed in the generalized sense, if and only if for every (l, p) e AxP
^X,p(S, e) = 0, VS, e > o, and ^(^x,p(S, e)) ^ o as (S, e) ^ (o, o). (3.15)
Proof. Suppose that (PSVQEP) is well-posed in the generalized sense. Then, for each (l, p) e A x P, S(1, p) is nonempty and compact. Clearly, S(1, p) £ 01p(8, s) for all 8, s >0. It follows that 01p(8, s) * 0 for all 8, s >0. Now we shall show that
^(Qx,p(S, e)) ^ o as (S, e) ^ (o,o).
Observe that for each 8, s >0,
H(Qx,p(S, e), S(X, p)) = max{h(Qx,p(S, e), S(X, p)), h(S(X, p), toKp (S, e))} = h(Qx,p(S, e), S(X, p)).
Taking into account the compactness of S(1, p), we get
li(nKp(S, e)) < 2H(ftx,p(S, e), S(X, p))+ fi(S(X, p)) = 2h(Ux,p(S, e), S(X, p)).
To prove (3.15), it is sufficient to show that
h(Qx,p(S, e), S(X, p)) ^ o as (S, e) ^ (o,o).
If h(Ol,p(5, e), S(l, p)) 0 as (5, e) ® (0, 0), then there exist l >0 and 5n >0, en >0 with 5n ® 0, en ® 0, and xn e 0lp(5n, en) such that
xn e S(X, p) + B(0, l), Vn e N. (3.16)
As xn e Ol,p(5n, en), {xn} is an approximating sequence for (PSVQEP)l,p. By the well-posedness in the generalized sense of (PSVQEP), there exists a subsequence {xnk} of {xn} converging to some point of S(l, p). This contradicts (3.16) and so
h(QX,p(8, s), S(X, p)) ^ 0 as (S, s) ^ (0,0).
Conversely, suppose that (3.15) holds. For each (l, p) e A x P, by Lemma 3.4, 0lp (5, e) is closed for all 5, e >0. By Lemma 3.3, we have S(X,p) = H &X,p(S,s). Since
S>0,s>0
!x(nKp(S, s)) ^ 0,
the theorem on p.412 in [38] can be applied and one concludes that S(l, p) is nonempty, compact, and
h(&X,p(S, s), S(X, p)) = H(&X,p(S, s), S(X, p)) ^ 0 as (S, s) ^ (0,0). (3.17)
Let (ln, pn) ® (l, p) e A x P and {xn} £ X be an approximating sequence for (PSVQEP)lp corresponding to {(ln, pn)}. Then there exist en >0 with en ® 0 such that, for each n e N,
xn e K(X n, xn)
f (pn, xn, y) + sne(xn) e C(Xn, xn), Vy e K(Xn, xn).
For each n e N, let 5n = max{d(ln, l), d(pn, p)}. Then 5n ® 0 and xn e 0^(5^,, en). It follows from (3.17) that
d(xn, S(X, p)) < h(&X,p(Sn, sn), S(X, p)) ^ 0.
Since S(l, p) is compact, there exists xn e S(X, p) such that
d(xn, xn) = d(xn, S(X, p)) ^ 0.
Again from the compactness of S(l, p), {xn} has a subsequence {xnk} converging to xe S(X, p). Hence, the corresponding subsequence {xnk} of {xn} converges to x. Therefore, (PSVQEP) is well-posed in the generalized sense. This completes the proof.
Example 3.2. Let £, X, A, P, Y, e, K, C, and f be the same as in Example 3.1. Then, it is easy to see that the conditions (i)-(iii) of Theorem 3.4 are satisfied. Moreover, by simple computation, we have, for each (l, p) e A x P and each 5, e > 0 and each l' e [l - 5, l + 5] n A and each p' e [p - 5, p + 5] n P,
n(X', p', s) = [0, p' + s] n [0,2].
It follows that
&x,p{S, s) = y ([0, p' + s] n [0,2]) = [0, p + S + s] n [0,1+ s] n [0,2].
p' e_[p-S,p+S]nP
Thus, 01p(8, s) * 0 for all 8, s >0 and M0i,p(8, s)) ® 0 as (8, s) ® (0, 0). By Theorem 3.4, (PSVQEP) is well-posed in the generalized sense.
Indeed, by simple computation, we have S(1, p) = [0, p] for all (l, p) e A x P. Suppose that {(1n, pn)} £ A x P with (1n, pn) ® (l, p) and {xn} is an approximating sequence for (PSVQEP)1p corresponding to {(1n, pn)}. Then there exists {sn} £ R+ with sn ® 0 such that xn e n(1n, pn, sn), i.e., xn e [0, pn + sn] n [0, 2]. Since pn ® p e P = [0, 1] and sn ® 0, there exists n0 e N such that, for each n > n0, pn + sn <2, and so xn e [0, pn + sn]. Since {xn} is bounded, it has a subsequence which converges to some point of [0, p] = S(1, p). Therefore, (PSVQEP) is well-posed in the generalized sense.
4 Applications
Since vector quasi-equilibrium problems contain vector quasi-variational inequality problems, vector quasi-optimization problems, and vector quasi-saddle point problems as special cases, we can derive from the result in Section 3, some consequences for such special cases. In this section, we discuss only some applications of our results to strong vector quasi-variational inequality problems and strong vector quasi-optimiza-tion problems.
Let X and Y be two real Banach spaces and C be a closed convex cone in Y. Let L(X, Y) be the set of all the continuous linear operators from X into Y. Let e e C be a fixed point.
4.1 Strong vector quasi-variational inequality problems
Let F : X ® 2X be a set-valued mapping and G : X ® L(X, Y) a vector-valued mapping. We consider the following strong vector quasi-variational inequality problem (for short, SVQVIP): find x e X such that
x e F(x) and {Gx, y - x) e C, Vy e F(x).
Denote by S the set of solutions for (SVQVIP). For each s > 0, we denote by n(s) the s-solution set of (SVQVIP), i.e.,
11(e) = {x e X : x e F(x) and {Gx, y - x) + Ee e C, Vy e F(x)}.
Let fx, y) = (Gx, y - x). We can obtain the following results for (SVQVIP). Theorem 4.1. (SVQVIP) is well-posed in the generalized sense, if and only if S is a nonempty compact subset of X and n is u.s.c. at 0.
Theorem 4.2. (SVQVIP) is well-posed, if and only if S has a unique point and n is u. s.c. at 0.
4.2 Strong vector quasi-optimization problems
Let F : X ® 2X be a set-valued mapping and ^ : X ® Y be a vector-valued mapping. We consider the following strong vector quasi-optimization problem (for short, SVQOP):
min p (x) subj ect to x e F(x).
A point x0 e X is called a strongly efficient solution of (SVQOP), if x0 e F(x0) and y(y) — y(x0) e C, Vy e F(x0).
Denote by S the set of all strongly efficient solutions for (SVQOP). For each e > 0, we denote by n(e) the e-strongly efficient solution set of (SVQOP) as follows:
n(s) = {x e X : x e F(x) and y(y) — y(x) + se e C, Vy e F(x)}.
Let fx, y) = ^(y) - ^(x). We can obtain the following results for (SVQOP). Theorem 4.3. (SVQOP) is well-posed in the generalized sense, if and only if S is a nonempty compact subset of X and n is w.s.c. at 0.
Theorem 4.4. (SVQOP) is we//-posed, if and only f S has a unique point and n is u. s.c. at 0.
Acknowledgements
This study was supported by the NationalNaturalScience Foundation of China (11061023, 11071108), the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi Province (2010GZS0145, 2010GZS0151), the Youth Foundation of Jiangxi Educational Committee (GJJ10086) and the Scientific Research Fund Project of College of Science and Technology of Nanchang University (ZL-2010-01).
Author details
1College of Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330029, People's Republic of China 2Department of Mathematics, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330031, People's Republic of China
Authors' contributions
Q-YL carried out the study of well-posedness for parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems, strong vector quasi-variationalinequality problems and strong vector quasi-optimization problems, and participated in the sequence alignment and drafted the manuscript. S-HW conceived of the study, and participated in its design and coordination. Allauthors read and approved the finalmanuscript.
Competing interests
The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
Reeeived: 13 May 2011 Aeeepted: 7 Oetober 2011 Published: 7 Oetober 2011
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doi:10.1186/1687-1812-2011-62
Cite this article as: Li and Wang: Well-posedness for parametric strong vector quasi-equilibrium problems with applications. Fixed Point Theory and Applications 2011 2011:62.
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